一种新型纳米硬度检测装置的研究

纳米压痕装置是一种具有纳米级压痕深度检测能力，能够完成载荷一位移测量的一种装置，根据所得到的载荷一位移曲线可以用来获得材料的纳米硬度值。文中讨论了一种新型便携的纳米硬度检测装置的研制，并通过对单晶铝进行压痕试验，验证此硬度检测装置的实用性与可靠性。     

Evaluation of Local Mechanical Properties in Depth in MoDTC/ZDDP and ZDDP Tribochemical Reacted Films Using Nanoindentation

Local mechanical properties in depth and near the surface of MoDTC/ZDDP and ZDDP tribofilms, which exhibited obviously different friction coefficients in a pin-on-disc test, were determined by using a nanoindentation technique combined with in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation. Tapping-mode AFM observation revealed that the MoDTC/ZDDP film was much rougher than the ZDDP film. Nanoindentation measurement revealed that the MoDTC/ZDDP and ZDDP tribofilms possessed different elasto-plasticities around a depth of several nanometers from the surface, although both films showed the same hardness and modulus depth distributions except in the surface area. The same mechanical depth distributions indicated that both kinds of tribofilm were functionally graded materials; that is, they consisted of a layer near the surface with lower hardness and modulus and providing lubrication and a base layer with higher hardness and modulus and serving to modify property differences at the interface. Most importantly, the different elasto-plasticities near the tribofilm surfaces revealed that the MoDTC/ZDDP tribofilm possessed lower shearing yield stress than the ZDDP tribofilm. The results of this study suggest that the presence of some solid lubricants such as MoS₂ just below the MoDTC/ZDDP film surface reduced the boundary friction coefficient.     

The scanning micro-sclerometer: a new method for scratch hardness mapping

A new surface engineering research tool, called a scanning microsclerometer (SMS), has been developed. It uses nano-indentation technology and a piezoelectric transducer positioning system to generate high-precision scratch patterns on the surfaces of metals and, by monitoring the instantaneous displacement of the stylus tip, can generate scratch hardness and scratching force maps of the surface. A dual-stroke process is used. The first stroke at low load profiles the surface to establish a reference datum and the second pass, in the opposite direction and at higher load, produces the indentation scratch. Examples of micro-scratch hardness mapping experiments, using scratch spacings of 1·0 μm, on a silicon carbide-based ceramic composite are used to illustrate the capabilities of the SIVIS. Using end-on fibers in the rectangular stylus scanning area, the difference in scratch hardnesses of the fibers, the matrix, and even the thin carbon coatings in the fiber-matrix interface could be detected. The SMS was originally developed to produce scratch hardness maps, but it is also useful for conducting accurately controlled, single-point micro-machining patterns and in studies of differential material abrasion.     

Size Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Nanoporous Graphene Networks

It is essential to understand the size scaling effects on the mechanical properties of graphene networks to realize the potential mechanical applications of graphene assemblies. Here, a “highly dense‐yet‐nanoporous graphene monolith (HPGM)” is used as a model material of graphene networks to investigate the dependence of mechanical properties on the intrinsic interplanar interactions and the extrinsic specimen size effects. The interactions between graphene sheets could be enhanced by heat treatment and the plastic HPGM is transformed into a highly elastic network. A strong size effect is revealed by in situ compression of micro‐ and nanopillars inside electron microscopes. Both the modulus and strength are drastically increased as the specimen size reduces to ≈100 nm, because of the reduced weak links in a small volume. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the deformation mechanism involving slip‐stick sliding, bending, buckling of graphene sheets, collapsing, and densification of graphene cells. In addition, a size‐dependent brittle‐to‐ductile transition of the HPGM nanopillars is discovered and understood by the competition between volumetric deformation energy and critical dilation energy.     

T2纯铜/2024铝合金爆炸焊接接头界面结构及性能

为研究铜铝异种金属爆炸焊接头界面形成机理,采用爆炸焊对T2纯铜和2024铝合金进行了焊接.通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、万能材料试验机和纳米压痕仪,对T2/2024复合板结合界面的显微组织、成分分布和力学性能进行了测试分析.结果表明:T2/2024合金爆炸复合板结合界面呈波状结合,结合界面主要由平直界面、波状界面和局部熔化层界面构成;靠近结合界面处,基体金属发生塑性变形,晶粒细化;反应层主要成分为AlCu和Al_2Cu的混合物.复合板拉剪试验表明,T2/2024合金爆炸复合板平均结合强度为67 MPa,纳米压痕测试反应层平均硬度可达8 GPa.     

基于纳米压痕法的羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合材料力学性能表征

采用准静态和动态纳米压痕技术研究了羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸（HA/PLA）复合材料在微纳尺度的表面力学性能。在静态模式下研究了保载和卸载时间对模量和硬度测试结果的影响。结果发现,当保载时间小于45 s时,由于蠕变使保载和卸载时间对测试结果产生显著影响;保载时间短且卸载时间长时,在卸载段会形成"鼻子",为了避免"鼻子"选择保载时间为45 s。在动态模式下研究了材料的动态力学性能,结果表明,存储模量和硬度均随着压入深度的增加而减小。压痕和划痕实验结果均表明：HA显著提高了PLA的力学性能,与纯PLA相比,9wt% HA/PLA复合材料的模量增加了35.5%,硬度增加了44.7%,蠕变深度下降了9.5%,相同载荷下的最大划痕深度和残余深度均小于纯PLA,表现出良好的弹性恢复能力和抗变形能力。     

Time‐Dependent Mechanical Response of APbX3 (A = Cs,CH3NH3; X = I,Br) Single Crystals

The ease of processing hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOIPs) films, belonging to a material class with composition ABX₃, from solution and at mild temperatures promises their use in deformable technologies, including flexible photovoltaic devices, sensors, and displays. To successfully apply these materials in deformable devices, knowledge of their mechanical response to dynamic strain is necessary. The authors elucidate the time‐ and rate‐dependent mechanical properties of HOIPs and an inorganic perovskite (IP) single crystal by measuring nanoindentation creep and stress relaxation. The observation of pop‐in events and slip bands on the surface of the indented crystals demonstrate dislocation‐mediated plastic deformation. The magnitudes of creep and relaxation of both HOIPs and IPs are similar, negating prior hypothesis that the presence of organic A‐site cations alters the mechanical response of these materials. Moreover, these samples exhibit a pronounced increase in creep, and stress relaxation as a function of indentation rate whose magnitudes reflect differences in the rates of nucleation and propagation of dislocations within the crystal structures of HOIPs and IP. This contribution provides understanding that is critical for designing perovskite devices capable of withstanding mechanical deformations.     

洁净度和显微组织对管线钢性能的影响

研究了洁净度和组织均匀性对四种管线钢板坯性能的影响。发现洁净度对钢材冲击韧度的影响要高于对强度的影响，提高洁净度可以大幅度提高钢材的冲击韧度。通过测量四种材料晶粒内部和晶界附近的纳米显微硬度，总体来看，晶界附近的硬度通常比晶粒内部高；而这种差别越小，所对应材料的冲击性能越好。     

Polypropylene/multiwall carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: Nanoindentation,dynamic mechanical,and electrical properties

Polypropylene (PP)/Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites were fabricated via melt compounding that utilizes a corotating twin‐screw extruder. Two commercially available MWCNTs, Baytubes C150P and C70P, were incorporated into PP matrix at concentration of 3 wt %. The nanocomposites samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), nanoindentation test, and picoammeter. It was found that both MWCNTs types were well distributed and dispersed in the PP matrix and no agglomeration of MWCNTs was observed. The DMA analysis results showed that the incorporation of MWCNTs enhanced the storage modulus and thermal stability of the PP matrix. Whereas, nanoindentation creep results showed that the creep rate and displacement of the PP/MWCNTs nanocomposites was lower than the neat PP, in which C70P < C150P < PP. The reduction of creep rate and creep displacement was associated to the improvement of creep resistance. There were also improvements on hardness and stiffness of the nanocomposites. Additionally, the electrical resistivity of the neat PP decreased with the incorporation of MWCNTs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45293.