长江城陵矶—螺山河段水位高及原因分析

长江城螺河段水位８０年代以来较５０－６０年代明显抬高，一般估水位抬高，１．２０－１．５０m，高水位抬高0.50-0.76m，城陵矶水位在受到顶托时抬高可达1.80m以上，本文依据40年来荆江及洞庭湖间水量，沙量等实测资料对这一问题进行了全面分析，分析结果表明，发生这种变化的原因主要是下荆江裁弯后中速了三口的萎缩，江湖关系与下荆江出口河势发生变化所致，这一分析成果可为制定长江防洪规划提供科学依据。     

桩西滩海大位移定向井老168-斜18井钻井工艺

老168-斜18井是胜利油田在桩西滩海地区钻成的一口井斜达到63.70°的大位移海油陆采井。由于造斜点浅、造斜井眼较大、造斜地层软、水平位移大、大斜度稳斜段长等,该井施工困难极大。为保证施工的顺利进行,针对钻遇地层的特点,通过制定有效轨迹控制方案,选取合理的造斜工具及钻具组合,实施合理的钻井参数及技术措施,同时进行简化钻具结构和安全管理技术措施等,顺利完成了钻井任务。从井眼轨迹精确控制、优质钻井液技术、安全钻进措施、大井斜长稳斜井段套管下入等方面介绍了该大位移井实施过程中采取的技术或措施。这些技术及措施的应用不仅避免和降低了井下事故的发生,而且施工井满足开发要求,对该区域滩海大位移海油陆采井的施工具有较高的借鉴意义。     

A numerical method for determining the stuck point in extended reach drilling

A stuck drill string results in a major non-productive cost in extended reach drilling engineering.The first step is to determine the depth at which the sticking has occurred.Methods of measurement have been proved useful for determining the stuck points,but these operations take considerable time.As a result of the limitation with the current operational practices,calculation methods are still preferred to estimate the stuck point depth.Current analytical methods do not consider friction and are only valid for vertical rather than extended reach wells.The numerical method is established to take full account of down hole friction,tool joint,upset end of drill pipe,combination drill strings and tubular materials so that it is valid to determine the stuck point in extended reach wells.The pull test,torsion test and combined test of rotation and pulling can be used to determine the stuck point.The results show that down hole friction,tool joint,upset end of drill pipe,tubular sizes and materials have significant effects on the pull length and/or the twist angle of the stuck drill string.     

大位移井摩阻和扭矩分析及其对钻深的影响

对不同垂深、不同位移的大位移井在钻井和下套管过程中的摩阻和扭矩分析表明,采用水基钻井液能够钻成位移小于3000m的大位移井,且可以下入178mm套管;位移大于4000m、且垂深在1000m左右的大位移井,需要使用油基钻井液,且只能下入178mm尾管;位移大于5000m的大位移井,必须使用油基钻井液,178mm套管下入有一定难度,且在垂深较小时,需要使用部分139.7mm钻杆和倒装钻具。分析了不同垂深条件下的大位移井钻井极限,随着井深增加,制约大位移井钻井极限的因素由滑动摩阻转为钻柱强度。     

下荆江窑监河段河床演变及整治初步研究

三峡水库蓄水后,改变了下游来水来沙条件,河床演变也相应发生变化.长江中游窑监水道属典型的弯曲分汉河型,在分析三峡蓄水运用前后河床演变的基础上,采用二维水沙数学模型预测了三峡工程蓄水运用后20a河床演变趋势.计算表明,窑监河段主流仍保持在乌龟洲右汉,主支汉的河势没有发生变化,虽然整个河段呈冲刷趋势,但出浅碍航段航深随着枯水位降落有减小的趋势.在对历史演变分析及演变趋势预测的基础上,利用建立的数学模型研究了航道整治方案.     

遥感监测调水调沙对黄河河口尾闾的影响

调水调沙是治理黄河的重要措施,遥感技术是监测调水调沙效果的重要手段.通过对3次调水调沙试验中黄河河口遥感数据的分析,定量描述了黄河河口尾闾淤进蚀退,并将黄河利津水文站的观测资料作为佐证,初步揭示了黄河河口淤进蚀退与上游来水来沙量的关系,说明了调水调沙对黄河河口尾闾的积极作用.     

柴油加氢裂化转化的切割方案

以直馏柴油和催化裂化柴油为原料,选用柴油加氢精制催化剂与柴油缓和加氢裂化催化剂的复合催化体系,采用固定床双反应器串联、一次通过工艺进行加氢裂化转化实验。结果表明:在直馏柴油加氢裂化多产乙烯裂解原料过程中,若能将重石脑油馏分中低于90 ℃的轻组分,以及柴油馏分中高于250 ℃馏分段分离出来,可有效提高乙烯裂解原料的品质。在催化裂化柴油加氢裂化生产高辛烷值汽油和高十六烷值柴油过程中,与大于220 ℃馏分相比,200～220 ℃馏分的密度和链烷烃质量分数较低,收率约为前者的16.4%;200～220 ℃馏分单环芳烃质量分数较高,可以作为回炼组分用以提高汽油中芳烃质量分数。     

Model of three-way decision based on the space of set pair information granule and its application

Through the analysis of the existing theory and method of three-way decision,model of three-way decision based on the space of set pair information granule was proposed,which was to explain the intension and extension of three-way decision on the view of unity of opposites.Firstly the space structure of set pair information granule can be di-vided into positive granule,negative granule,different granule,which were similar and slightly different with three re-gions of generalized three-way decision.The three kinds of information granules in set pair information granule space were built based on certain positive degree,negative degree and different degree.Secondly,according to the given threshold,set pair information granule is divided into mutually disjointing positive region,negative region and different region.Based on these three regions,the computing method of decision loss function is put forward,and the process of decision-making algorithm is obtained use the three-way decision method of set pair information granule space to evalu-ate and make decision on risk investment,then good decision results have been achieved.     

ArF准分子激光器的窄线宽可调谐运转及注入放大

在一台快放电泵浦的ＡｒＦ准分子激光振荡放大系统的振荡级上采用光栅、扩束镜、光阑等腔内元件，用组合输出镜获得了线宽小于０．１ｎｍ，调谐范围～１ｎｍ的激光输出。注入到非稳腔结构的放大级，注入后放大级效率提高了约５０％，获得了平均３０ｍＪ／脉冲的高光束质量的窄线宽可调谐激光，最大单脉冲能量＞５０ｍＪ，并进行了氧气的吸收光谱实验。     

有限元法的脊位于窄边的脊波导特征值分析

提出用有限元方法分析位于窄边的脊波导主模的截止波长和场结构图以及单模带宽特性，推导出用有限元法计算相关参数的计算公式。编程计算了双脊、单脊和不对称脊波导的特征值，求解了三种脊位于窄边的脊波导的传输特性，并给出了截止波长和单模带宽曲线以及场结构变化。