制定合理的价格政策促进天然气化工的发展--西气东输工程的天然气利用问题

分析了天然气化工用户对低气价承受能力的原因,指出要真正实现天然气在化工领域的应用首先要靠国家政策鼓励,其次要靠本身取得更多的技术突破.提出了对我国天然气定价机制的改革意见,呼吁我国各方面的技术力量要优先重视3种新工艺的开发研究,即天然气制合成气、天然气制乙烯和天然气制液体燃料及芳烃.     

Olfactory Responses of Banana Weevil Predators to Volatiles from Banana Pseudostem Tissue and Synthetic Pheromone

As a response to attack by herbivores, plants can emit a variety of volatile substances that attract natural enemies of these insect pests. Predators of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) such as Dactylosternum abdominale (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) and Pheidole megacephala (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), are normally found in association with weevil-infested rotten pseudostems and harvested stumps. We investigated whether these predators are attracted to such environments in response to volatiles produced by the host plant, by the weevil, or by the weevil–plant complex. We evaluated predator responses towards volatiles from banana pseudostem tissue (synomones) and the synthetic banana weevil aggregation pheromone Cosmolure+ in a two-choice olfactometer. The beetle D. abdominale was attracted to fermenting banana pseudostem tissue and Cosmolure+, whereas the ant P. megacephala was attracted only to fermented pseudostem tissue. Both predators were attracted to banana pseudostem tissue that had been damaged by weevil larvae irrespective of weevil presence. Adding pheromone did not enhance predator response to volatiles from pseudostem tissue fed on by weevils. The numbers of both predators recovered with pseudostem traps in the field from banana mats with a pheromone trap were similar to those in pseudostem traps at different distance ranges from the pheromone. Our study shows that the generalist predators D. abdominale and P. megacephala use volatiles from fermented banana pseudostem tissue as the major chemical cue when searching for prey.     

生态型高吸水性树脂的研究

从高吸水性树脂的化学结构出发，论述了树脂的降解机理和降解方法，归纳和评述了近期我国在可降解天然聚合物、丙烯酸接枝共混和丙烯酸（盐）合成聚合物方向的研究，并对未来作出展望。     

粒径对膨胀土无荷膨胀率的影响研究

为了研究粒径大小对重塑土无荷膨胀率试验结果的影响,在符合现有规范的试验条件下,将某地基泥岩碾碎成1~2 mm、0.1~1 mm、0.1 mm的三种不同粒径,进行不同比例组合搭配的重塑土无荷膨胀率试验。试验结果表明:不同粒径大小的膨胀土样的无荷膨胀率试验结果有很大差异,并且不同粒径组合下的无荷膨胀率试验结果呈正态分布趋势,且峰值处的无荷膨胀率值为该重塑土稳定、可靠的无荷膨胀率值,无荷膨胀率试验结果接近峰值处无荷膨胀率值的粒径级配为该重塑土的最佳级配。经过分析得到使重塑土无荷膨胀率结果稳定、可靠的粒径级配是1~2 mm、0.1~1 mm、0.1 mm的土粒质量比为0∶100∶0,即使重塑土无荷膨胀率试验结果稳定可靠的粒径范围为0.1~1 mm。在该粒径范围内的重塑土无荷膨胀率试验结果最为真实、准确。     

珍珠岩助滤剂在天然卤水精制中的应用

通过实验 ,得出在天然卤水制小苏打的生产过程中 ,使用珍珠岩助滤剂对天然卤水精制是可行的。     

EFFECT OF MAGNETIZATION OF WATER ON INDUCTION TIME AND GROWTH PERIOD OF NATURAL GAS HYDRATE

The effect of diluted solution's magnetization on induction time and growth period of natural gas hydrate (NGH) has been investigated in quiescent reaction system at pressure of 4.5 MPa and temperature of 274 K with SDS as surfactant, by using volume fixed and pressure falling method. Experimental results show that magnetization will have effect on the induction time of NGH. After magnetization with magnetic field intensity of 0.33 T, the induction time of NGH has been reduced to 47 min (average) from 99 min (average) in which there is no magnetization. On the other hand, the induction time has been prolonged after magnetization of the diluted solution with magnetic field intensity of 0.05 T, 0.11 T, 0.22 T, 0.44 T. Especially with magnetic field intensity of 0.11 T, the induction time had even been prolonged to 431 min (average). The effect of magnetization on the growth period of NGH has not been found at the experimental condition.     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮在天然气水合物生成中的作用

研究了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)在天然气水合物生成中的促进和抑制作用,结果表明PVP作为促进剂时,在确定的反应温度和压力下有一个最佳的浓度,在确定的使用浓度和温度时则有一个最佳反应压力,否则PVP的加入将抑制水合物的生成。认为PVP在低浓度时作为高分子表面活性剂,降低了溶液的表面张力,加速了水合物生成。在高浓度时,其长链上的五元环吸附水合物表面未完成的孔穴,阻止了水合物晶核的增长。     

Al2O3包覆石墨颗粒的制备及表征

以Al(NO3)3·9H 2O为主要原料,采用非均匀成核技术在鳞片状石墨表面包覆一层Al2O3,制备成石墨/氧化铝复合粉体.对复合粉体的制备条件、表面形貌和特性进行了研究.研究表明pH值、处理温度和覆层物质前驱体浓度是影响包覆的主要因素.TEM观察和XPS能谱检测表明,石墨颗粒表面均匀包覆有一层Al2O3.包覆后石墨表面由疏水转为亲水.     

离心分配色谱技术及其在天然产物分离中的应用

作为现代逆流色谱的一种，离心分配色谱(CPC)是一种新型的制备色谱技术。简单介绍了离心分配色谱的设备原理和操作方法，综述了离心分配色谱的研究现状和其应用于天然产物分离方面的相关报道，特别对离心分配色谱反应器和离子交换置换离心分配色谱等一些CPC研究领域出现的新技术进行了介绍；对离心分配色谱的研究前景进行了展望。