Reaction steady states and stationary states in modelling semi-batch enzyme hydrolysis

Dimensionless material balance equations describing an uninhibited enzyme hydrolysis process in a semi-batch reactor (i.e. fed-batch reactor) are formulated; numerical solution of these equations provided concentration profiles of the enzyme-substrate complex by using published kinetic parameters. The unrestricted values obtained are compared with estimates based separately on the reaction steady state and stationary state assumptions. Results are discussed in terms of the enzyme/substrate inventory used and it is found that the reaction steady state is a satisfactory approximation only when this ratio is sufficiently small. The stationary state may be a better approximation at other values, particularly when enzyme is added to substrate or when an empty tank is being filled. Reaction yields from semi-batch and batch operations are compared. Processing takes longer in the semi-batch operations and complete conversions are only practical in this mode when enzyme is added to substrate.     

Impact of uncertainties on estimations of heat pump cycle performance

Sensitivity analysis is used to show how uncertainties in basic factors, such as heat transfer, pressure drop, compressor efficiency, and thermophysical properties, influence the result of heat pump cycle performance estimations. By comparing the results of this analysis with uncertainty levels of estimations and experimental determinations, it is established to what extent improvements in accuracy are needed. The investigation was carried out for several different applications and, as working fluids, both pure substances and non-azeotropic mixtures were examined. It was found that evaporation heat transfer and compressor efficiency are two areas where improvements are needed. It is also shown that estimates using very accurate, substance-specific, equations of state differ from those using more general types by up to 1 % for COP and 2% for capacity.     

基于Patel-Teja状态方程的统一粘度模型(Ⅱ)应用于油气藏流体粘度的预测

基于(I)报根据pVT和Tμp图形的相似性和Patel-Teja状态方程建立的预测纯流体气、液相粘度的统一模型,通过引入常规的状态方程参数的混合规则,将其应用于二元轻烃混合物共计1894个数据点及模拟天然气高压粘度的预测,平均相对误差分别为13.78%和16.75%;应用于油藏原油和天然气高压粘度的预测,结果优于现有的有关油气藏流体粘度模型.     

我国天然彩棉的研发现状及发展趋势

对天然彩棉的历史、纤维特点、纤维的形态结构及性能作了简要介绍，重点介绍了我国彩棉的研发现状及研发中亟待解决的瓶颈问题，最后对彩棉在我国的发展前景进行了展望。     

Neuronet Data Processing on the State of an Object After an Emergency

Neuronets are considered for processing data on the state of a potentially hazardous object after an emergency. An example is given of processing the data on the state of a potentially hazardous object in increments.Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 6–8, March, 2005.     

水生生物环境诊断(AOD)技术应用研究

介绍一种新型的毒性试验方法——水生生物环境诊断(AOD)技术，该方法将冷冻浓缩和生物测试技术有机地相结合，较好地解决了低毒性水体的毒性测试问题。应用本项技术以红鳍鱼为受试生物，分别对湖北武汉马伧湖、墨水湖、广东深圳河、长江干流寸滩等几个断面、丹江口水库白河、丹江河口、老灌河等不同水体进行AOD测试，所得48hr-LC\-50结果与实际水质状况基本相符。     

锂离子电池正极材料锂锰氧化物的固相合成研究进展

阐述了固相合成反应的原理，综述了锂锰氧化物的几种固相合成方法，并着重介绍了熔融渍法，多步加热法，机械化学法和微波化学法等在锂锰氧化物合成中的研究进展。     

入侵检测系统技术现状及其发展趋势

阐述了入侵检测系统（IDS）的起源、发展和分类，介绍了它的结构和标准化工作，对入侵检测系统存在的问题及发展趋势作了概述。     

Material state remapping in computational solid mechanics

A computational procedure for remapping material state information from one finite element mesh to another is described. The procedure is useful in connection with evolving meshes for inelastic problems, as for example occur in the context of fracture simulation and adaptive mesh refinement. The proposed method is based on weak enforcement of equality between corresponding fields on the two meshes, where piecewise‐constant fields on both meshes are generalized from the quadrature‐point values. The essential algorithmic problem is that of calculating the volume partition of an arbitrary convex region with respect to a covering set of disjoint convex regions. Instead of geometrically resolving the associated intersections, the problem is herein approximated by a constrained optimization problem, which may be readily and efficiently solved computationally. This formulation is a main contribution of the paper. Computational examples are given that illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.