焦化废水亚硝化过程的动力学研究

在用亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化组合工艺处理焦化废水时,亚硝化的动力学研究对好氧反应器构筑物的设计及运行具有重大指导意义.根据亚硝化菌与硝化菌世代周期的不同,利用劳伦斯-麦卡蒂模型研究焦化废水亚硝化的动力学参数,求得vm ax=2.03 mgNH4 -N.mgVSS-1.d-1,Ks=22.07 mgNH4 -N.L-1,Y=0.257 4 mgVSS.mgNH4 -N-1,Kd=0.086 4 d-1.利用所得的动力学模型分析曝气池内生物量浓度与污泥龄的关系,根据多组试验数据得到二者之间的相关关系式.     

AOA后置短时低氧曝气实现短程硝化反硝化除磷

为培养亚硝酸盐型反硝化聚磷菌实现好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）短程硝化内源反硝化除磷,设置3组同规格以厌氧/好氧/缺氧后置短时曝气（AO₁A-O₂）模式运行的SBR,各反应器好氧段/后置好氧段（O₁/O₂）的曝气强度和曝气时间均不同,通过对比3组反应器60 d的运行情况,探究各系统污染物处理性能和功能菌活性。结果表明,后置短时低氧曝气10 min且O₁、O₂的曝气强度分别为5、2.5 L/(h·L)的R2脱氮除磷效果最佳,其COD、TP、NH+₄-N、TN去除率达95.49%、95.57%、100%、95.52%。通过短时好氧饥饿和低溶解氧可以创造出短程硝化内源反硝化除磷的最适环境,R2中约60%的除磷菌为DPAOs,且亚硝酸盐型聚磷菌最多,可达38.76%,其反应器好氧段的亚硝酸盐积累率(R_NA)为74.19%,实现了较高的NO-₂-N积累,游离亚硝酸(FNA)为1.03 μg/L,可抑制PAOs和NOB,同时富集出更多的AOB和DPAOs。     

A study of A2/O process in El-Berka WWTP by replacing the anaerobic selector with UASB and adopting a hybrid system in the oxic zone

ABSTRACT

A multistage system comprising an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) followed by anoxic unit and then oxic activated sludge (AS) with biofilm is studied in El-Berka WWTP, Egypt. Different organic loading wastewaters of chemical oxygen demand (COD) less than 500 mg/L till 3000 mg/L are tested during the study. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) varies for each loading from 7.5 to 10 to 15 h. The UASB reactor accomplishes the removal efficiency of 50%–70% of influent COD. The overall system performs the removal efficiency of 95% of influent COD and NH₄-N. Also, the results are verified by a modified mathematical model.     

船用一体化生物活性炭装置反冲洗技术条件优化

反冲洗是保证生物活性炭装置正常运行的重要因素。以船用污水深度处理装置一体化生物活性炭为研究对象,探究反冲洗对于装置污染物去除能力恢复的影响,得出了装置恢复时间;选取9种反冲洗条件,考察装置反洗后8 h后,装置污染物去除能力的变化。结果表明:污染物去除率随着反冲洗时间推移先降低后逐步升高,8 h后趋于稳定,此时COD去除率为60%,氨氮去除率为10%。对比不同反冲洗条件下对于装置性能的影响分析,反洗强度控制在5.0 L/(m2·s),反洗时间为7 min时为较优反冲洗条件,COD去除率达到79.8%,氨氮去除率为5.3%。     

Transformations and losses of fertilizer nitrogen on no-till and conventional till soils

A field study was conducted in 1982 to measure the effect of no-till (NT) and conventional till (CT) systems on N transformation after surface and subsurface applications of N fertilizers. Urea, urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution, (NH₄)₂SO₄ (AS), and CA(NO₃)₂ were applied to NT and CT plots (5.95 m²) at a rate of 448 kg N ha^–1. A comparison of fertilizer N recovered in soils receiving incorporated or surface applied N was used to estimate NH₃ volatilization while denitrification was estimated from fertilizer N recovered in the presence and absence of nitrapyrin with incorporated N. Immobilization was assessed in microplots (0.37 m²) after surface application of (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄ to NT and CT systems at a rate of 220 kg N ha^–1.The results indicate little difference between NT and CT systems on urea hydrolysis rates and immobilization of surface applied fertilizer N. Approximately 50% and 10% of the surface applied N was recovered in the inorganic and organic fractions, respectively, on both tillage systems. The N not recovered was likely lost from plot areas through soil runoff. Incorporation of UAN, urea and AS resulted in 20 to 40% greater inorganic N recovery than from surface application. Nitrification rates were greater under the NT than the CT system. The similarities in concentration in the various N pools observed between the two tillage systems may be partially due to the short length of time that NT was imposed in this field study (<1 year) since other researchers using established tillage systems (>5 y) indicate that NT tends to promote decreased efficiency of fertilizer N.     

通过控制泥龄实现亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化

采用序批式活性污泥法处理人工配制的城市生活污水，通过控制泥龄成功地实现了亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化，曝气过程中NO2^-N／NOx^-N值始终保持在84．48％以上，曝气结束时大约有80．39％的氨氮通过同步硝化反硝化途径被去除。在适宜的曝气量下，利用排泥的方法控制反应器内适宜的泥龄，可以实现稳定的亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化。     

侧流富集/主流强化硝化(BABE)升级工艺

一种针对污泥消化液单独脱氮处理,旨在侧流富集硝化细菌、在主流强化硝化能力的升级工艺--BABE技术已在荷兰研发成功并开始应用.通过工程实例证实该技术原理简单、升级容易,适合任何待升级的活性污泥工艺,应用前景较为广阔.     

异养硝化菌的分离及其强化活性污泥脱氮效果

为提高水处理过程中的脱氮率，实现好氧条件下对总氮的去除。通过试验分离出一株异养硝化菌，该菌株为白色革兰氏阴性球状菌。将该菌扩大培养后接种于活性污泥系统并进行了处理模拟废水的试验。结果表明：该菌能在好氧条件下分别代谢氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮，并通过好氧反硝化实现对总氮的去除。用该菌株强化的活性污泥系统对以氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮为惟一氮源的模拟废水进行处理，4h的总氮去除率分别为85％、60％、70％。     

O3/BAF组合工艺深度处理制药废水试验研究

针对工业区难降解制药废水的水质特点,通过臭氧/曝气生物滤池组合工艺进行一期工程生化池出水的深度处理。现场试验结果表明:先通过臭氧预处理提高废水的可生化性,然后再采用曝气生物滤池进行生化处理,可取得良好的处理效果。当臭氧投加量为24 mg/L、臭氧接触时间为1 h时,BOD5/COD的平均值由0.180提高到0.436。后续采用曝气生物滤池处理,当水力表面负荷为4.25 m3/(m2.h)、HRT为0.85 h时,出水COD<90 mg/L,稳定达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准。     

Organic matter and nitrogen removal by an on site sewage treatment and disposal system

The performance of an on site sewage treatment and disposal system consisting of a septic tank, a gravel filter, a sand filter and soil absorption trenches operated alternatively, was studied in relation to organic matter and nitrogen removal efficiency. The system was simulated with the aid of a laboratory scale model. BOD₅ and SS removal efficiencies averaged 92.9 and 93.4% respectively. Substantial removal of nitrogen (up to 70%) was achieved due to nitrification followed by denitrification. Removal efficiencies were found to depend on the compaction characteristics of the filter media and the soil, the hydraulic loading applied and the flow conditions (saturated/unsaturated). The results indicate that the system under consideration is a feasible alternative for on site treatment and disposal of domestic sewage.