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The fluxes of linear alkylbenzenesulphonates (LAS), nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO) and nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO) through sewage and sludge treatment of 29 Swiss sewage treatment plants were investigated. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine LAS. Normal-phase HPLC was employed to measure NP, NP1EO and NP2EO which are metabolites of the nonionic surfactants of the nonylphenol polyethoxylate type (NPnEO). Quantitative determinations were performed of raw sewage, primary and secondary effluents and of sewage sludge. Under normal conditions of sewage and sludge treatment, LAS were efficiently removed from the raw wastewater (> 99% w/w) and were partly transferred to the sewage sludge (15–20% w/w). About 50% (molar base) of NPnEO in the sewage were transformed to NP and accumulated in the digested sludge. Large variations existed among different sewage treatment plants. It was estimated that 1.0 g m−2 y−1 of LAS and 0.3 g m−2 y−1 of NP are applied with sewage sludge to Swiss soils. 相似文献
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合成了壬基酚聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐(NPESO-3-4),采用高效液相色谱法检测了目标产物中原料的含量,同时测定了其表面张力、乳化能力、润湿性及模拟驱油率并与壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐的性能(NPESO-0-4)做了比较。结果表明:与NPESO-0-4相比,NPESO-3-4水溶液降低表面张力的能力略低,但降低表面张力的效率较高。二者与胜利孤东原油之间的界面张力均在10-1 mN?m-1数量级,但NPESO-3-4能将油性表面润湿反转为中间润湿,乳化能力和模拟驱油率明显高于NPESO-0-4,说明含氧丙烯链节的阴-非离子表面活性剂在三次采油中有很好的应用价值。 相似文献
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从“壬基酚”事件看我国纺织印染助剂的安全性问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
最近"壬基酚"事件在我国纺织行业和助剂行业引起了强烈反响,从源头上寻找问题的症结对保障纺织品的安全性至关重要.阐述了当今我国纺织印染助剂的安全性问题,分析了问题产生的原因以及禁用或限用纺织印染助剂的替代品中存在的问题,指出助剂行业必须跟上市场的发展新趋势和法律新约束,加紧开发替代品,切实生产出环保型助剂、绿色助剂、安全助剂、放心助剂,更好地为纺织行业服务. 相似文献
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《分离科学与技术》2012,47(13):2633-2649
Abstract The removal mechanisms of three hormone mimicking organic compounds by nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been examined. Two NF membranes having different pore sizes were used in laboratory‐scale nanofiltration experiments with feed solutions spiked with a hormone mimicking compound—nonylphenol, tert‐butylphenol, or bisphenol A. Retention of the compounds was determined at various solution chemistries, namely aqueous solution pH, ionic strength, and presence of natural organic matter. The nanofiltration behavior of the selected hormone mimicking compounds appears similar to that of natural hormones as reported in our previous work. While the solution pH can dramatically influence the retention of hormone mimicking compounds by a loose NF membrane, ionic strength does not affect the nanofiltration of such contaminants. However, in the presence of natural organic matter in the feed solution, ionic strength appears to play a significant role in solute‐solute and solute‐membrane interactions, resulting in increased retention due to partitioning of the hormone mimicking compounds onto organic matter at a higher ionic strength. 相似文献
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采用固相萃取-气相色谱法检测防水服中烷基酚(APs)类物质,通过比较C18柱、MAX柱、WAX柱和Abselut NEXUS柱四种固相萃取剂的洗脱剂种类、洗脱剂用量、洗脱速率和吸附容量,其结果表明,以Abselut NEXUS柱作为萃取剂,在3 mL甲醇作为洗脱剂,洗脱速率为3 mL/min的条件下,对防水服的水样进行固相萃取,然后用GC进行检测,在0.1~10.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好。该方法对辛基酚(OP)和壬基酚(NP)检出限分别是0.013 mg/L和0.014 mg/L,加标回收率分别为98.45%和94.06%;相对标准偏差均小于3.5%,能够适用于市售防水服样品的检测。 相似文献
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