Occurrence and behaviour of linear alkylbenzenesulphonates, nonylphenol, nonylphenol mono- and nonylphenol diethoxylates in sewage and sewage sludge treatment

The fluxes of linear alkylbenzenesulphonates (LAS), nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO) and nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO) through sewage and sludge treatment of 29 Swiss sewage treatment plants were investigated. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine LAS. Normal-phase HPLC was employed to measure NP, NP1EO and NP2EO which are metabolites of the nonionic surfactants of the nonylphenol polyethoxylate type (NPnEO). Quantitative determinations were performed of raw sewage, primary and secondary effluents and of sewage sludge. Under normal conditions of sewage and sludge treatment, LAS were efficiently removed from the raw wastewater (> 99% w/w) and were partly transferred to the sewage sludge (15–20% w/w). About 50% (molar base) of NPnEO in the sewage were transformed to NP and accumulated in the digested sludge. Large variations existed among different sewage treatment plants. It was estimated that 1.0 g m⁻² y⁻¹ of LAS and 0.3 g m⁻² y⁻¹ of NP are applied with sewage sludge to Swiss soils.     

壬基酚生产技术

黑龙江石油化工厂壬基酚装置以强酸性阳离子交换树脂DC604、C104作催化剂,采用二段式固定床反应器流程合成壬基酚的工艺。运行结果表明,以DC604、C104代替进口树脂用于催化合成壬基酚在性能上可行、经济上有优越性。     

光催化降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的研究

研究了以悬浮态TiO2为催化剂,在H2O2存在的条件下,对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的光催化降解反应。分别考察了pH值、TiO2和H2O2的加入量、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的初始浓度以及光照时间对降解反应的影响。结果表明:在pH值为5,H2O2质量浓度为30mg/L的条件下,对初始质量浓度为50mg/L的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液光照4h后降解率达46.32%。     

壬基酚聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐应用性能

合成了壬基酚聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐（NPESO-3-4）,采用高效液相色谱法检测了目标产物中原料的含量,同时测定了其表面张力、乳化能力、润湿性及模拟驱油率并与壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐的性能（NPESO-0-4）做了比较。结果表明：与NPESO-0-4相比,NPESO-3-4水溶液降低表面张力的能力略低,但降低表面张力的效率较高。二者与胜利孤东原油之间的界面张力均在10-1 mN?m-1数量级,但NPESO-3-4能将油性表面润湿反转为中间润湿,乳化能力和模拟驱油率明显高于NPESO-0-4,说明含氧丙烯链节的阴-非离子表面活性剂在三次采油中有很好的应用价值。     

从“壬基酚”事件看我国纺织印染助剂的安全性问题

最近"壬基酚"事件在我国纺织行业和助剂行业引起了强烈反响,从源头上寻找问题的症结对保障纺织品的安全性至关重要.阐述了当今我国纺织印染助剂的安全性问题,分析了问题产生的原因以及禁用或限用纺织印染助剂的替代品中存在的问题,指出助剂行业必须跟上市场的发展新趋势和法律新约束,加紧开发替代品,切实生产出环保型助剂、绿色助剂、安全助剂、放心助剂,更好地为纺织行业服务.     

Nanofiltration of Hormone Mimicking Trace Organic Contaminants

Abstract

The removal mechanisms of three hormone mimicking organic compounds by nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been examined. Two NF membranes having different pore sizes were used in laboratory‐scale nanofiltration experiments with feed solutions spiked with a hormone mimicking compound—nonylphenol, tert‐butylphenol, or bisphenol A. Retention of the compounds was determined at various solution chemistries, namely aqueous solution pH, ionic strength, and presence of natural organic matter. The nanofiltration behavior of the selected hormone mimicking compounds appears similar to that of natural hormones as reported in our previous work. While the solution pH can dramatically influence the retention of hormone mimicking compounds by a loose NF membrane, ionic strength does not affect the nanofiltration of such contaminants. However, in the presence of natural organic matter in the feed solution, ionic strength appears to play a significant role in solute‐solute and solute‐membrane interactions, resulting in increased retention due to partitioning of the hormone mimicking compounds onto organic matter at a higher ionic strength.     

APs气相色谱测定中固相萃取剂的优选

采用固相萃取-气相色谱法检测防水服中烷基酚(APs)类物质,通过比较C18柱、MAX柱、WAX柱和Abselut NEXUS柱四种固相萃取剂的洗脱剂种类、洗脱剂用量、洗脱速率和吸附容量,其结果表明,以Abselut NEXUS柱作为萃取剂,在3 mL甲醇作为洗脱剂,洗脱速率为3 mL/min的条件下,对防水服的水样进行固相萃取,然后用GC进行检测,在0.1~10.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好。该方法对辛基酚(OP)和壬基酚(NP)检出限分别是0.013 mg/L和0.014 mg/L,加标回收率分别为98.45%和94.06%;相对标准偏差均小于3.5%,能够适用于市售防水服样品的检测。     

一种双子表面活性剂的合成

以壬基酚和甲醛为原料 ,在催化剂作用下于 80℃缩合制得二 (2 羟基 5 壬基苯基 )甲烷 ,与环氧氯丙烷在碱性条件下反应得到中间体 (SM) ,再与三乙醇胺盐酸盐在异丙醇溶液中于 6 0℃反应 ,得到一种双子表面活性剂 (TM) ,总收率 41 3% ,通过元素分析和红外光谱初步确定其结构 ,并测定水溶液中双子表面活性剂cmc =0 0 4mmol/L ,γcmc=2 0 4mN/m。     

壬基酚及其杂质的含量测定

采用气相色谱法测定壬基酚及其杂质的含量 ,用归一化法定量 ,氢焰离子化检测器检测。建立了长 2m、内径2 5mm ,固定相 :80～ 1 0 0目 3%DEXSIL - 40 0GC/WHP =3/97(质量比 )的玻璃柱 ;长 30m、内径 0 53mm的HP5毛细管柱 ,采用非极性 5%联二苯和 95%二甲基聚硅氧烷为固定相。试验证明毛细管柱比填充柱有更高的灵敏度和准确度。