壬基酚改性胺固化剂的合成及性能研究

壬基酚改性胺固化剂是由壬基酚、甲醛、胺经过曼尼希反应制成的环氧树脂固化剂。本文介绍了采用不同胺,不同反应配比进行的合成反应,并通过TAG-DTA研究了不同胺制成的固化剂与环氧树脂固化反应过程的热效应。表明采用壬基酚合成曼尼希碱,反应比较温和,易于控制,产品可用作环氧树脂固化剂。     

Surface adsorption in the mixtures of sodium dodecylsulphate and oxyethylenated nonylphenol with different oxyethylenation degrees

The effectiveness of surface adsorption in an aqueous solution of mixtures of surfactants composed of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulphate, mixed with a nonionic one, polyoxyethylenated nonylphenol, was studied. Their behavior was compared separately. This surface adsorption was characterized by the values of the surface tension at 25°C of the total concentrations below, but near to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) in the mixtures mentioned. These were obtained as a function of different proportions of surfactants in the mixture and different chain lengths of nonionic polyoxyethylenated surfactant. The total surface excess concentrations of the surfactant mixtures and the average of molecular area per surfactant species at the aqueous solution/air interface were calculated. Finally, the values were analyzed vs the above parameters. Presented at the XDCth Meetings of CED/AID, Granada, Spain, March, 1988.     

自来水及其水源中的内分泌干扰物质

残留在自来水中的内分泌干扰物质的来源主要包括水源污染,配水管网及这些化合物质在氯消毒过程中的副产物,水源中检出频率较高的是壬基苯酚,双酚A、4-t-辛基苯酚、邻苯二甲酸乙基已基酯及来自人畜的雌酮,配水管网中的物质主要是作为塑料添加剂的壬基苯酚,双酚A等,在氯消毒过程中,双酚A及NP可以分解产生多种副产物,用酵母Two-hybrid法对这些副产物的内分泌干扰作用进行了研究,表明双酚A的副产物具有雌激素协同作用,而NP的副产物则具有雌激素拮抗作用,检测出我国某河流及自来水的内分泌干扰活性。     

壬基酚致NCTC1469细胞的损伤作用及活性氧水平、谷胱甘肽含量变化

目的：探究壬基酚对NCTC1469细胞的损伤作用及细胞内活性氧类、还原型谷胱甘肽含量的影响。方法：通过体外细胞实验,用不同质量浓度壬基酚作用NCTC1469细胞24 h;CCK-8法检测细胞存活率;测定药物作用后培养液上清中乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）、谷丙转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）和谷草转氨酶（aspartate transaminase,AST）活性及细胞内还原型谷胱甘肽含量;流式细胞仪检测细胞内活性氧类水平。结果：壬基酚可显著抑制NCTC1469细胞增殖及促进活性氧类生成（P＜0.05）,呈一定剂量依赖性;培养液上清液中LDH、ALT活性在壬基酚浓度大于0.1 μmol/L处理组中,与自然释放对照组相比显著升高（P＜0.05）;且壬基酚在高剂量（1、10、100 μmol/L）能明显增加培养液上清中AST活性（P＜0.01）;壬基酚呈剂量依赖性降低细胞内还原型谷胱甘肽含量,与空白对照组比较有显著差异（P＜0.05）。结论：推测壬基酚可能通过上调细胞内活性氧类水平,下调胞内还原型谷胱甘肽含量,引起氧化应激反应,从而对NCTC1469细胞产生损伤作用。     

Removal of nonylphenol ethoxylates by electrochemically-generated coagulants

This study investigated the behaviour of aluminium and carbon steel electrodes in the presence and absence of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEO, where n is the number of ethoxylate groups in the molecule) and NPnEO removal by electrochemically-generated coagulants. The electrode processes were studied by potentiodynamic polarization measurements to determine the influence of surfactant addition (ethylene oxide units and organic load), inorganic composition and pH. The polarization curves showed the extent of the involvement of NPnEO in the electrode processes. Their influence appeared clearly in the range of anodic activation, depending on the number of ethoxylate groups. Removal of NPnEO from simulated wastewaters was carried out in two electrocoagulation cells with vertical and horizontal electrodes, respectively. The removal efficiencies calculated from the chemical oxygen demand before and after treatment were 30–50% for NP16EO and NP40EO, and 40–80% for NP4EO. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance number for NP4EO indicated a relative ratio of polar and non-polar groups lower than for the other two surfactants, which was in favour of better NP4EO removal. The experiments showed the processes in the bulk (bridging of electrochemically-generated polymeric species and adsorption of surfactants) were predominant over the involvement of NPnEO in the electrode processes, which were only responsible for the electrogeneration of coagulants.     

食品接触材料中壬基酚和辛基酚的测定与风险分析

目的研究食品接触材料中壬基酚和辛基酚的含量和迁移量的情况,并分析食品暴露风险。方法采用液相色谱-质谱联用法建立食品接触材料中壬基酚和辛基酚含量和迁移量的检测方法,并对相关检测数据进行统计分析。结果在优化条件下,壬基酚和辛基酚在5~200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,壬基酚和辛基酚含量和迁移量的检测方法定量下限分别为0.1 mg/kg和10μg/kg,在添加水平为10,100,200μg/L时,样品中壬基酚和辛基酚含量的平均加标回收率为85.6%~89.2%,迁移量的回收率为94.3%~100.6%,相对标准偏差均小于15%。对30批次保鲜膜和复合包装袋样品进行检测,结果显示,6批次样品检出壬基酚或辛基酚,占总体样品的20%;其中1批次样品检出壬基酚迁移量,占阳性样品的16.7%。结论保鲜膜和复合包装袋可能含有壬基酚和辛基酚,且容易迁移到食品模拟物中,迁移量随着温度的升高和时间的延长而增加。保鲜膜和复合包装袋中的壬基酚和辛基酚存在一定风险,应引起足够重视。     

反应型乳化剂在丙烯酸酯无皂乳液聚合中的应用

采用半连续种子乳液聚合法,反应型乳化剂烯丙氧基羟丙磺酸钠(HAPS)、烯丙氧基壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵(DNS-86)、烯丙氧基壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(ANPEO10)、烯丙氧基壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚单磷酸(ANPEO10-P1)单独及复配使用,以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体合成了丙烯酸酯无皂乳液。研究了反应型乳化剂种类和用量对乳液性能的影响,用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了乳液的化学结构。用合成的丙烯酸酯无皂乳液与市售的丙烯酸乳液分别制备了膨胀型水性防火涂料并通过耐水性试验和锥形量热仪试验对比了其耐水性和防火性能。结果表明,单独使用DNS-86时乳液的各项性能(如化学稳定性、热稳定性、贮存稳定性等)最好。DNS-86的含量为2.5%~3.0%时,乳液综合性能良好:固含量及单体转化率最大,乳胶粒子平均粒径和分散指数最小,且其聚合物膜与水的接触角最小。用自制丙烯酸酯无皂乳液制备的膨胀型水性防火涂料的性能明显优于用市售丙烯酸乳液制备的膨胀型水性防火涂料。     

Enzyme-based detergent formulas for fatty soils and hard surfaces in a continuous-flow device

The present work analyzes the effect of incorporating a lipolytic enzyme (Lipolase^® 100L) into detergent formulas for washing fatty soils on hard surfaces. The experimental device, which is called a “bath-substrate-flow” device, uses a continuous flow on a substrate (glass spheres) soiled with triolein. Washing tests were done using only the enzyme and changing both its concentration and the temperature of the process. The results showed that, in the presence of lipase, soil removal was achieved through three consecutive mechanisms: (i) fundamental devoval of the soil by the bath flow through the experimental device; (ii) emulsion of the soil in the washing medium; and (iii) enzymatic hydrolysis of the dispersed soil. Different commercial surfactants were used, and detergency was evaluated in the absence and presence of lipase. The use of surfactant formulas with the lipolytic enzyme showed a positive effect of the enzyme on the detergency values registered with the fatty alcohol ethoxylate surfactants Findet^® 10/15 and Findet 1214N/23, and with the anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. The commercial surfactants Glucopon^® 600, Glucopon 650, Findet 10/18, and Findet Q/21.5NF alone each presented high detergency values for fatty soils, and the effect of the incorporation of the lipase was not significant.     

Mannich反应制备壬基酚改性胺固化剂

本文介绍了采用壬基酚和甲醛对(2,3二甲基)二亚丁基三胺(TAB)的改性研究,考察了不同反应温度和配比对合成反应的影响。并通过TAG-DTA研究了本实验制成的固化剂与环氧树脂固化反应过程的热效应。表明采用壬基酚合成的曼尼希碱,起始反应温度虽高,但反应比较温和,易于控制,产品可用作环氧树脂固化剂。     

环保型丁腈橡胶NBR 3305 E的开发与生产

介绍了丁腈橡胶(NBR)环保化的发展趋势及市场需求。通过对不含壬基酚的新型抗氧剂从硫化时间、硫化胶的物理机械性能及热空气老化性能等方面进行的对比评价,综合考虑性能、外观、成本及替代方案等因素,选择以含酚和硫醚的双官能团抗氧剂在50 kt/a装置上试生产了环保型NBR 3305 E,产品质量达到了优级品标准,产品和加工性能均与NBR 3305相当。用户在使用过程中未发现明显差异,生产配方基本不做调整,制品均可以满足环保要求。