脂肪醇醚磺酸盐和壬基酚醚表面活性剂的吸附性能研究

为研究驱油体系中阴离子-非离子表面活性剂在砂岩表面的吸附滞留问题,分别利用两相滴定法和硫氰酸钴盐比色法研究了非离子表面活性剂TX-10和非离子改性的阴非离子磺酸盐表面活性剂C16EOS在砂岩上的静态吸附性能,并讨论了温度、盐对吸附性能的影响。结果表明同样温度下C16EOS的吸附量高于TX-10,温度上升,吸附量下降;1% CaCl2电解质的加入,使C16EOS和TX-10的吸附量分别增加1.20mg/g和1.06mg/g;等质量浓度混合的表面活性剂体系中C16EOS和TX-10的吸附量均比单一表面活性剂低,65℃时,单一表面活性剂C16EOS和TX-10的吸附量分别为7.87mg/g和7.59mg/g,而混合体系中吸附量则为6.76mg/g和6.48mg/g,说明加入非离子表面活性剂会大幅降低醇醚磺酸盐在砂岩表面的吸附。     

二元共聚物稠油破乳剂的合成

以丙烯酸和自制壬基酚聚醚酯为单体,利用溶液聚合法,以甲苯为溶剂,过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,合成一种二元共聚物稠油破乳剂。考察了各因素对合成破乳剂脱水率的影响,在引发剂用量1.6%(基于单体总质量),聚合温度130℃,聚合时间5h,丙烯酸与壬基酚聚醚酯质量比1∶7。在破乳温度75℃,加药量200mg/L的条件下,该破乳剂对陈庄稠油的脱水率为90%,破乳性能优于市售破乳剂SP-2和SP169。     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯的合成及其在金属切削液中的应用

通过壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NP-10)与五氧化二磷(P2O5)反应,制备了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯.采用正交试验,得到最佳反应条件为:n(NP-10):n(P2O5):n(H2O)=2.4:1:1,反应温度75℃,反应时间5h.在此条件下,酯化率可达93%以上.将产物用于金属切削液配方中,加量3%时,10%切削液水溶液的最大...     

新型微介孔复合材料La/13X/MCM-41光催化降解壬基酚的研究

以碱处理后的13X分子筛、硅酸钠为原料,加入模板剂,同时引入La2O3,在水热条件下晶化生成具有良好的吸附性能和光催化性能的新型微孔-介孔复合材料La/13X/MCM-41,并将其应用于壬基酚(NP)的光催化降解.通过XRD、TEM、FT-IR、N2吸附-脱附等技术对复合材料的微观结构进行了表征分析.考察了催化剂用量、NP初始浓度、初始pH、光照时间等对NP光催化降解效率的影响.结果表明:在催化剂用量为0.1 g/L、初始浓度为1 mg/L、初始pH为6、光照时间为210 min的最佳条件下,NP的光催化降解效率可达93％以上,反应符合一级动力学方程,复合材料La/13X/MCM-41具有较高的催化活性.     

新型磺基甜菜碱的合成与性能

以壬基酚、环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺及2-羟基-3-氯丙磺酸钠为主要原料合成两性表面活性剂N,N-二甲基-N-(2-羟基-3-对壬基苯氧基）丙铵基(2-羟基）丙磺基甜菜碱。通过正交试验设计优化了中间体壬基酚环氧丙基醚的合成工艺条件,并通过红外光谱对目标产物进行结构表征。采用滴体积法确定了该表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc）和临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γ_cmc）,其值分别为9.12×10^-4 mol/L和27.87 mN/m。并考察了45 ℃下该表面活性剂的乳化性能。     

The effect of nonylphenol on asphaltene aggregation: A molecular dynamics approach

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the occurrence time of each stage of asphaltene aggregation from single molecules to a large flocculate with and without nonylphenol (NP) molecules as asphaltene dispersants. NPs reduce the size of asphaltene aggregates, and curb the clustering of nanoaggregates when they are added to the simulation box at nanoaggregation nucleation stage. These dispersants are able to break clusters into their constituent nanoaggregates when they are added at higher concentrations. Moreover, asphaltene–NP interactions change the structure of asphaltene flocculates from globular into filamentary.     

蜡状芽抱杆菌壬基苯酚降解酶的分离纯化及其酶学性质(英文)

An extracellular NP-degrading enzyme secreted by Bacillus cereus.Frankland was purified to homogeneity by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation,Phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic-interaction chromatography and DEAE anion-exchange chromatography.On SDS(sodium dodecyl sulfate)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis,the purified enzyme showed a relative molecular mass of 58.3 kDa.The depolymerzation of subunits was accompanied with the loss of NP-degrading enzyme activity,and removing denaturing factors by dialysis could restore the dimer structure and enzymatic activity.The enzyme had an isoelectric point of 5.5 and an optimal temperature of 60℃,and was the most active at pH 6.0.The enzymatic activity was stable at pH 4-8 and inhibited by Cu2+.TenN-terminal amino acids were determined to be ASVNSIKIGY,demonstrating that the purified enzyme was a novel one.The hydrolysis pattern of the purified enzyme indicated that the NP-degrading enzyme was an endo NP-degrading enzyme.The extraordinary thermo-stability provided the enzyme with a good prospect to be used as a new tool for clean-production process for textile industry.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中壬基酚残留量方法及不确定度评定

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中壬基酚残留量,并对测量不确定度进行评定。 方法 本实验对基质效应进行了分析,比较了不同流动相的分析效果,对主要的试剂进行了目标物残留量分析和对超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪条件进行了优化。并根据CNAS-GL006:2018及JJF1059.1-2012对不确定度进行评定。结果 牛奶基质会产生很大的基质抑制效应,。该方法检出限为0.1 μg/kg,回收率在85.7%~110.9%,精密度在4.9%~9.5%之间,相关系数≥0.9990。建立了不确定度评价的数学模型,对各个不确定度分量进行了分析与计算.最后扩展相对标准不确定度为0.072, 残留量可表示为C=（11.33±0.82）μg/kg,k=2 结论 本方法操作简便、检出限低、灵敏度高、满足方法学要求,适用于牛奶中壬基酚的测定。通过不确定度各分量分析,其中测量重复性、标准品和标准曲线拟合是对测量不确定度的最重要来源。