壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚丙基磺酸钠的表面活性及应用性能

研究了硬水和油田水中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚丙基磺酸钠(NPSO-5)水溶液的表面活性及应用性能,并与常用表面活性剂LAS、AOS和AES进行比较;考察了添加脂肪醇对NPSO-5体系泡沫性能的影响和NPSO-5在NaOH水溶液中的润湿性能及硬水溶液中的润湿乳化性能。结果表明,水硬度从0 mmol/L增加到80 mmol/L,NPSO-5的临界胶束浓度(CMC)从2.06×10-4 mol/L降低到7.8×10-5 mol/L;NPSO-5相对于LAS和AOS具有较强的抗硬水能力,且在硬水中具有较高的起泡能力和稳泡性能,添加脂肪醇在一定程度上改变了液膜吸附层的结构,进一步提高了体系的泡沫性能;在NaOH质量分数达12%时,NPSO-5仍然具有良好的润湿性能。     

Prediction of the fate of detergent chemicals during sewage treatment

Consideration of a conventional growth model for the activated sludge sewage treatment process has resulted in the development of an improved method for assessing the biodegradability of chemicals. The model indicates the importance of sludge retention time (SRT) and temperature on the treatment efficiency and suggests a need to control and examine the effect of both parameters on the biodegradation of materials. The effect of SRT and temperature is illustrated by data for the nutrification of ammonia and the biodegradation of alcohol- and alkylphenol-ethoxylates, LAS and nitrilotriacetic acid. The results illustrate the predictive power of the technique in obtaining results in the laboratory which are consistent with data reported from studies involving full scale treatment plants.     

壬基酚降解菌株的降解特性

研究了在以壬基酚（NP）为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基中菌株Serratia sp．LJ降解NP的降解动力学,以及不同环境因素对NP降解的影响。结果表明菌株Serratia sp．LJ在NP浓度为10～150mg／L,温度为30℃时,对NP的降解遵循一级动力学方程。NP浓度为100mg／L、环境温度为30℃是菌株Serratia sp．LJ较为适合的降解条件。当pH为7．0、铵态氮为氮源时,NP的降解速率较高。加入Fe^2＋和Mg^2＋对NP的降解有明显的促进作用,而Cu^2＋则会产生抑制作用。     

蜡状芽抱杆菌壬基苯酚降解酶的分离纯化及其酶学性质(英文)

An extracellular NP-degrading enzyme secreted by Bacillus cereus.Frankland was purified to homogeneity by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation,Phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic-interaction chromatography and DEAE anion-exchange chromatography.On SDS(sodium dodecyl sulfate)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis,the purified enzyme showed a relative molecular mass of 58.3 kDa.The depolymerzation of subunits was accompanied with the loss of NP-degrading enzyme activity,and removing denaturing factors by dialysis could restore the dimer structure and enzymatic activity.The enzyme had an isoelectric point of 5.5 and an optimal temperature of 60℃,and was the most active at pH 6.0.The enzymatic activity was stable at pH 4-8 and inhibited by Cu2+.TenN-terminal amino acids were determined to be ASVNSIKIGY,demonstrating that the purified enzyme was a novel one.The hydrolysis pattern of the purified enzyme indicated that the NP-degrading enzyme was an endo NP-degrading enzyme.The extraordinary thermo-stability provided the enzyme with a good prospect to be used as a new tool for clean-production process for textile industry.     

The effect of nonylphenol on asphaltene aggregation: A molecular dynamics approach

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the occurrence time of each stage of asphaltene aggregation from single molecules to a large flocculate with and without nonylphenol (NP) molecules as asphaltene dispersants. NPs reduce the size of asphaltene aggregates, and curb the clustering of nanoaggregates when they are added to the simulation box at nanoaggregation nucleation stage. These dispersants are able to break clusters into their constituent nanoaggregates when they are added at higher concentrations. Moreover, asphaltene–NP interactions change the structure of asphaltene flocculates from globular into filamentary.     

稳态荧光探针法研究二聚壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠的表面行为

介绍了以二聚壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚,氨基磺酸,氢氧化钠为原料,合成二聚壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(GNPES),同样方法合成壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(NPES),以芘为荧光探针,用稳态荧光探针法测定了合成的GNPES和NPES的临界胶束浓度。     

气相色谱串联质谱法测定植物油中壬基酚

采用气相色谱—串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)研究植物油中壬基酚的测定方法。乙腈作为提取溶剂,通过涡旋提取和分散基质固相萃取净化。测定结果表明,该方法壬基酚含量在0.02~1 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.999 2,在0.02、0.06和0.2 mg/kg三个水平上做加标回收实验,结果回收率为82.3%~94.7%。方法检出限为0.02 mg/kg。     

燃油清净分散剂壬基酚聚氧丙烯醚胺的合成

在间歇釜式反应器中,以壬基酚聚氧丙烯醚(NPP)为原料、Raney Ni为催化剂,采用脱氢-胺化加氢两步法合成了壬基酚聚氧丙烯醚胺(NPPA),考察了脱氢-胺化加氢两步反应的影响因素。实验结果表明,在脱氢反应中,NPP的端羟基脱氢转化为含有羰基的聚醚(简称脱氢产物),生成的氢与正十四烯发生加成反应,提高脱氢转化率;在NPP0.32 mol、240℃、Raney Ni催化剂质量分数5%(基于反应物)、反应时间25 h的条件下,NPP的转化率为61%。在脱氢产物胺化加氢反应中,用氧化钙除去反应中生成的水,提高脱氢产物的转化率;在220～230℃、14～20 MPa、Raney Ni催化剂质量分数(基于脱氢产物)3%、脱氢产物0.32 mol、氢气0.3 mol、氨4.7 mol、搅拌转速500 r/min、氧化钙0.3 mol、反应时间8 h的条件下,NPPA的收率达到80%以上。     

Synthesis and characterization of polyethoxylate surfactants derived from phenolic lipids

Polyethoxylates from cardanol and from cardol, the main component phenolic lipids in technical cashew nutshell liquid derived from the replenishable source Anacardium occidentale, were obtained by reaction with ethylene oxide under base-catalyzed conditions. Oligomeric mixtures resulted. In the cardanol series, the first six members of the mixture were independently synthesized for characterization purposes by a variety of reactions. The members in the oligomeric mixture were separated by HPLC, and the composition was determined by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and by chromatography. These studies were preparatory to surfactant and biodegradation studies involving comparison with commercially available polyethoxylates derived from petrochemical nonylphenol.     

The effects of nonylphenol on Daphnia magna

The acute and chronic toxicity of nonylphenol to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna has been determined. The acute 24 and 48 h EC₅₀ values, based on immobilization, were 0.30 and 0.19 mg/l, respectively, using mean measured concentrations. In a separate study, effects of nonylphenol on survival, growth and reproduction of D. magna were measured over a period of 21 days. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC), based on mean measured concentrations, was found to be 0.024 mg/l. This is approximately one order of magnitude below the acute value and one order of magnitude higher than the highest reported environmental levels.