美国全面制裁伊朗对中国能源安全的影响与对策建议

美国自2018年5月宣布重启对伊朗全面制裁,伊朗再次成为国际社会关注的焦点。本文系统梳理了伊朗能源禀赋及开发利用现状,分析了伊朗对中国能源安全的保障程度及其优势,发现1997~2017年伊朗对中国石油安全的保障程度呈波动上升态势,对维护中国油气资源供给安全具有重要意义,认为中伊能源合作具有战略互补性、地缘政治优势、经济优势、历史文化基础和降低美元计价风险等优势。在上述基础上,本文从能源价格、供给渠道和运输安全三方面剖析了此次美国全面制裁伊朗对中国能源安全可能产生的影响,并从规避美国制裁风险和保障国家能源安全角度,提出了相关对策建议。     

Multi-objective planning and optimization of microgrid lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage system consider power supply status and CCER transactions

Lithium iron phosphate battery (LIPB) is the key equipment of battery energy storage system (BESS), which plays a major role in promoting the economic and stable operation of microgrid. Based on the advancement of LIPB technology and efficient consumption of renewable energy, two power supply planning strategies and the china certified emission reduction (CCER) model are proposed respectively. Based on it, the multi-objective planning optimization model with economic benefits, environmental benefits and power supply stability as the objective function is established for the first time, and the Newton Weighted Sum Frisch method (NWSFA) solution model is adopted. In the planning process, rain flow counting method is used to research the life of BESS, which improves the accuracy of energy storage annual cost calculation. A park in northern China is taken as a case study to demonstrate the application of this model. The simulation results show that the annual economic operating cost of BESS is decreased by 18.81%, the energy supply reliability is increased by 0.15%, and the optimal electricity price adjustment ratio of the system is 15%.     

2011～2020年华北平原气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征及潜在源分析

随着经济高速增长和城市化进程不断加快,华北平原区域性空气污染问题愈演愈烈。针对该区域开展长时序气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征和潜在源分析研究,对华北平原大气污染治理具有重要意义。基于长时序MODIS/Terra C6.1 MOD04_L2气溶胶光学厚度产品,分析华北平原气溶胶光学厚度的时空分布特征,并利用后向轨迹聚类分析讨论华北平原7个重点城市气团输送的季节变化,并以污染较为严重的河北石家庄为例进行潜在源分析和浓度权重分析,探究影响其大气质量的污染物潜在源区。结果表明:2011～2020年华北平原气溶胶光学厚度月均值呈显著的周期性变化,以年为周期,每个周期内峰值一般出现在6月至8月; 气溶胶光学厚度月际年内呈单峰分布,峰值出现在6月(0.75),最小值出现在12月(0.37); 气溶胶光学厚度季均值从大到小依次为夏季(0.67)、春季(0.59)、冬季(0.49)、秋季(0.46); 10年间气溶胶光学厚度呈下降趋势,整体下降幅度达36.84%,其中2011年最高(0.72),2018年最低(0.45); 华北平原7个重点城市春、夏、秋、冬四季主要受短距离气团输送影响较大,长距离气团输送影响较小; 2014～2020年河北石家庄的空气质量优良天数占比相对较小,空气质量状况差,影响其空气质量的污染物多为本地生成,同时也受周边省市近距离输送的影响。     

透视中国综合防灾减灾的主要进展及其挑战和战略对策

系统总结中国自然灾害风险主要特点和综合防灾减灾工作的现状特征,全面梳理综合防灾减灾工作的发展趋势,分析综合防灾减灾面临的三大挑战,提出有针对性和可实施性的五大战略对策。一方面,未来100年中国的气候变暖趋势将进一步加剧,极端天气事件发生的频率将增大,荒漠化、海平面上升、冰川退缩趋势将进一步加重,全球气候变化所引发的各类巨灾和由此触发的各类自然灾害的突发性、并发性、群发性、异常性日益凸显。另一方面,中国能源结构以煤为主,同时是世界上进口石油资源的大国,随着中国经济的发展,未来能源消费和二氧化碳排放量还将持续增长,经济社会发展对能源安全、粮食安全、生态安全提出了更高要求。为适应气候变化背景下的各类灾害带来的不利影响,中国应全面提高监测预警水平,建立综合防灾减灾体系,全面提高应对突发灾害和巨灾的应急能力;推动建立区域综合防灾减灾范式,系统实施绿色经济战略,大力推进节能减排,转变经济发展方式。     

Trends and driving forces of low-carbon energy technology innovation in China’s industrial sectors from 1998 to 2017: from a regional perspective

Low-carbon energy technology (LC) innovation contributes to both environmental protection and economic development. Using the panel data of 30 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in China from 1998 to 2017, this paper constructs a two-layer logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model to uncover the factors influencing the variation of the innovation of LC in China’s industrial sectors, including the alternative energy production technology (AEPT) and the energy conversation technology (ECT). The results show that China’s industrial LC patent applications rapidly increased after 2005 and AEPT patent applications outweighed ECT patent applications all the time with a gradually narrowing gap. Low-carbon degree played the dominant role in promoting the increase in China’s industrial LC patent applications, followed by the economic scale, R&D (research and development) efficiency, and R&D share. Economic structure contributed to the increases in LC patent applications in the central and the western regions, while led to the decreases in the eastern region, the north-eastern region, and Chinese mainland Xizang(Tibet) Autonoomous Region is not considered due to lack of data. This note applies to the entire article.. Low-carbon degree and economic scale were two main contributors to the growths of both industrial AEPT patent applications and ECT patent applications in Chinese mainland and the four regions. Several policy recommendations are made to further promote industrial innovation in China.     

Factors influencing the use of artificial intelligence in government: Evidence from China

Some studies have discussed the potential and challenges related to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in government. However, there are few empirical studies that have examined factors that influence the use of AI in government. By collecting policy documents and empirical data from the government, IT enterprises, and the public in China, we identified the influencing factors in the three stages of government adoption, implementation, and decision-making. The research results show that the influencing factors of government application of AI are different at different stages and with different stakeholders’ backgrounds.     

A novel ultra-high-temperature oxidation protective MoSi2-TaSi2 ceramic coating for tantalum substrate

To protect refractory metal against oxidation at ultra-high temperatures, a MoSi₂-TaSi₂ ceramic coating was prepared on a pure tantalum (Ta) substrate using a novel three-step process, which included dip-coating with a molybdenum slurry, vacuum sintering, and halide-activated pack cementation (HAPC). The original coating had a MoSi₂-TaSi₂ double-layer structure from the surface to the substrate. After oxidation at 1700°C for 8 h in air, the coating exhibited a complex multi-layer structure composed of SiO₂-Mo₅Si₃-MoSi₂-(Mo,Ta)₅Si₃-TaSi₂-Ta₅Si₃ from the outer layer to the inner layer, due to the high-temperature phase transition and diffusion of Si and O. The coating effectively protected the Ta substrate at 1700°C for 12 h without failure, thereby demonstrating great improvement to its service life in an ultra-high-temperature aerobic environment. The protective effect was attributed to the integrity of the ceramic coating and the formation of a dense, uniform SiO₂ film that effectively lowered the inward oxygen diffusion rate.     

Provincial energy intensity in China: The role of urbanization

Chinese policymakers have attached great importance to energy intensity reduction. However, the unprecedented urbanization process exercises additional pressure on the realization of energy intensity reduction targets. A better understanding of the impacts of urbanization is necessary for designing effective policies aimed at reaching the next energy intensity reduction targets. This paper empirically investigates the impacts of urbanization on China's aggregate and disaggregated energy intensities using a balanced panel dataset of 30 provinces covering the period from 2000 to 2012 and panel estimation techniques. The results show that urbanization significantly increases aggregate energy intensity, electricity intensity and coal intensity.     

Chinese state and society in epidemic governance: A historical perspective

This paper looks at the role of state and society in the history of epidemic governance in China for an appreciation of the way China manages the current COVID-19 epidemic.     

TiO2／PSS自组装薄膜的光催化性能

利用静电自组装工艺在石英衬底上制备了结构有序的TiO2／PSS纳米复合膜，并采用UV-Vis-NIR分光光度计、原子力显微镜(AFM)对复合膜的结构与光催化性能进行了深入的研究。结果表明：有序多孔TiO2颗粒膜具有良好的光催化性能，能够在短时间内降解掉复合膜中有机成分，烧结处理薄膜的光催化性能明显优于紫外照射处理的样品。