Fast computation of minimal elementary decompositions of metabolic flux vectors

The concept of elementary flux vector is valuable in a number of applications of metabolic engineering. For instance, in metabolic flux analysis, each admissible flux vector can be expressed as a non-negative linear combination of a small number of elementary flux vectors. However a critical issue concerns the total number of elementary flux vectors which may be huge because it combinatorially increases with the size of the metabolic network. In this paper we present a fast algorithm that randomly computes a decomposition of admissible flux vectors in a minimal number of elementary flux vectors without explicitly enumerating all of them.     

A Newton-like finite element scheme for compressible gas flows

Semi-implicit and Newton-like finite element methods are developed for the stationary compressible Euler equations. The Galerkin discretization of the inviscid fluxes is potentially oscillatory and unstable. To suppress numerical oscillations, the spatial discretization is performed by a high-resolution finite element scheme based on algebraic flux correction. A multidimensional limiter of TVD type is employed. An important goal is the efficient computation of stationary solutions in a wide range of Mach numbers, which is a challenging task due to oscillatory correction factors associated with TVD-type flux limiters. A semi-implicit scheme is derived by a time-lagged linearization of the nonlinear residual, and a Newton-like method is obtained in the limit of infinite CFL numbers. Special emphasis is laid on the numerical treatment of weakly imposed characteristic boundary conditions. Numerical evidence for unconditional stability is presented. It is shown that the proposed approach offers higher accuracy and better convergence behavior than algorithms in which the boundary conditions are implemented in a strong sense.     

长期施用含氮化肥对大豆生育及养分吸收的影响

从1984年起,在沈阳农业大学棕壤上没有氮化肥长期定位试验。结果表明,长期施用含氯化肥在大豆整个生育期内可促进株高、茎粗、根系等地上部及地下部的生长,氯对大豆氮、磷养分的吸收无明显影响,对钾的吸收有 促进作用。     

二维欧拉程序中一种新的分界面跟踪技术

１．引言 二维流体力学计算方法按其采用Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ坐标系还是Ｅｕｌｅｒ坐标系,分为Ｌａｓｒａｎｇｅ方法和 Ｅｕｌｅｒ方法两大类． Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ坐标是随材料质团运动的,由于每个有限网格点总是与初始时同一部分流体相联系,所以拉氏程序能够清晰显示解域内部多种物质的分界向和自由界向,而且描述材料分界面的运动是自动完成的．然而在二维计算中,当材料发生大变形时,拉氏网格发生扭曲,甚至使相邻网格彼此相交和重叠,使计算过程无法进行下去．因此,Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ方法在二维计算中有其局限性,只能用了变形较小的模…     

共轴圆线圈和圆板的互感系数计算

本文给出了同轴圆线圈和圆板间互感系数的近似函数表达式。并用Matlab绘制了该互感系数随线板间距离和圆板大小的变化曲线。此外,根据磁感应强度的解析表达式,计算了载流线圈的磁力线分布图,分析了其磁感应强度的分布,并给出了它的径向分布曲线。     

Calculating soil nutrient balances in Africa at different scales

Nutrient balances were calculated for the arable soils of 38 sub-Saharan African countries. FAO production figures and forecasts for 35 crops for the period 1982–1984 and for 2000 were used to define land use systems, further characterized by fertility input through fertilizers, manure, rain and dust, biological N-fixation, and sedimentation, and fertility output through harvest of crops and removal of residues, leaching, denitrification, and erosion. The summarized output of the study is the sum of inputs minus the sum of outputs of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the root zone. The alarming annual average nutrient loss for sub-Saharan Africa was 22 kg N, 2.5 kg P, and 15 kg K in 1982–84, and will be 26 kg N, 3 kg P, and 19 kg K in 2000. As the soil nutrient pool has to offset the negative balances each year, there is gross nutrient mining in sub-Saharan Africa. The need for integrated systems of nutrient management is emphasized, manipulating all inputs and outputs in a judicious way. Future scenarios of continued mining and conservation of soil fertility are discussed.     

Flux limiters fourth and sixth order high resolution method for hyperbolic conservation laws

This paper presents new fourth and six order accurate explicit finite difference scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws. The technique of obtaining high resolution, total variation non increasing oscillation free and explicit scalar difference scheme is derived by adding multi-limiters of antidiffusive flux to a first order scheme.     

浸润度对低温下气膜产生的影响

针对气膜在沸腾过程中的低热导率以及能够降低流体流动阻力的特点,应用分子动力学模拟的方法在等温等压系综下模拟了气膜的形成过程,在较低的温度下得到了气膜.通过改变固液界面的接触角来改变固液界面的浸润度,进一步影响气膜的形成.结果表明,超疏水性固体壁面明显能够增强气膜形成,在较低温度下,一般的疏水性界面不能形成气膜,而超疏水性界面能够在较短时间内形成气膜,既可以减小流体流动阻力,又可以防止器件表面温度过高而烧坏.     

Energy flux characteristics of seismic waves at the interface between soil layers with different saturations

Based on the multiphase poroelasticity theory describing the propagation of waves in the unsaturated fluid-saturated porous medium, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the seismic waves at the interface between soil layers with different saturations are obtained. Our unsaturated model consists of a deformable skeleton in which two compressible and viscous fluids (i.e., water and gas) flow in the interstices. Three compressional waves (i.e., P1, P2, and P3 waves) and one shear (i.e., S wave) wave exist in the unsaturated soils. The expressions for the energy ratios of the various reflected and transmitted waves at the interface during the transmission and reflection processes are presented in explicit forms accordingly. At last, numerical computations are performed and the results obtained are respectively depicted graphically. The variation of the energy ratios with the incident angle, wave frequency and saturation degrees of the upper and lower soil layers is illustrated in detail. The calculation results show that the allocation of incident seismic waves at the interface is influenced not only by the angle and frequency of the incident seismic waves, but also by the saturations of the upper and lower soil layers. It is also verified that, at the interface, the sum of energy ratios of the reflected and transmitted waves is approximately equal to unity as was expected. This study is of importance to several fields such as geotechnical engineering, seismology, and geophysics.     

多极轴向磁路磁阻式旋转变压器的分析与优化

针对单对极轴向磁场磁阻式旋转变压器测量误差相对较大的问题,提出了一种多极轴向磁路磁阻式旋转变压器,以解决高次谐波的干扰、定子与转子偏心等问题对精度的影响.应用微积分法对这种新式磁阻式旋转变压器的数学模型进行解析计算,并在此基础上给出了多极轴向磁路旋转变压器的数学模型和工作原理.通过有限元法的分析,验证了设计方案的正确性与可行性.分析结果表明,输出电势中的高次谐波使电压波形畸变而产生误差,其中三次谐波含有率占总谐波畸变率的比重较大.通过对转子结构进行优化,削弱了输出电势中的三次谐波,有效地降低了多极轴向磁路磁阻式旋转变压器的测量误差.