中碳钢板坯连铸保护渣的结晶性能

为了解结晶器与坯壳间渣膜的结晶状态，用热丝法熔化性能测定仪对保护渣结晶性能进行研究。结果表明：连续冷却过程中，结晶是在一定温度范围内进行的；冷却速率越大，结晶温度越低；冷却速率超过一定值时，保护渣不结晶。不同温度下的等温实验结果表明：在一定过冷度范围内，保护渣开始结晶；过冷度的大小与结晶开始和结束时间有关；水蒸气可促进保护渣结晶，在不同温度等温时，保护渣结晶开始温度提高，结晶开始时间缩短。     

提高无机超滤膜运行效率的措施研究

针对冷轧废水采用无机超滤膜处理工艺运行中存在的问题,从工艺、膜清洗等方面进行分析、探索,总结了提高无机超滤膜处理能力的措施。     

快速调节加热炉燃气量的控制系统

加热流体温度关系到加热炉的生产安全和能量的合理利用．采用出口温度控制加热炉燃气量,导致自动控制系统存在滞后性,造成出口温度大幅度变化．甚至加热管烧焦现象。提出利用加热介质入口参数辅助加热管出口温度控制加热炉燃气量．通过预估控制法计算燃气量,采用模糊控制技术评价出口温度,设计了一种新的快速调节加热炉燃气量的控制系统．进行了现场应用。结果表明,改造后加热炉的控制系统性能得到较好的改善．出口温度最大偏差减小4．28％,稳定时间提高12h．效率提高5．5％。     

温度极化对膜蒸馏过程的影响研究

采用直接接触式膜蒸馏，以纯水为料液，考察了材料及结构不同的5种微孔疏水膜的渗透性能．分析结果认为，膜的渗透系数和温度极化系数共同影响着膜通量的大小．实验还考察了料液温度和流率对膜通量及热效率的影响，利用膜及膜两侧边界层内传热传质理论对此进行了分析讨论．因温度极化系数随操作温度变化，可通过控制适宜操作温度获得大膜通量和高热效率．增大料液流率可强化传热，使温度极化减弱，膜通量增加．     

铝合金熔剂的研究

本文介绍了熔剂在铝合金熔炼过程中的作用,熔剂的分类和要求,常用熔剂的组成,适用范围及使用方法等。     

新型两相TFPM两种控制方式的建模与仿真研究

横向磁场永磁电机具有高转矩密度等优点,但其转矩脉动严重地影响了输出转矩特性。提出一种改进的直接转矩控制方法,通过增加电压矢量数量及磁链区域的进一步细分,并重新设计开关表,改变定子磁链和转矩的估测模型及磁链角的获取,使开关频率增加,模型更加精确,转矩脉动减小,电机得到平稳运行。构建横向磁场永磁电机控制系统仿真模型,并与电流滞环跟踪控制进行对比分析。研究结果表明,改进的直接转矩控制减小了转矩脉动,增加了负载转矩和转速最大值,使横向磁场永磁电机工作性能得到提升。     

Characteristics of Ions Emitted from Laser-Induced Silver Plasma

In this work, study of laser-induced ions is presented. The plasma was produced by focusing a Nd：YAG laser, with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a pulsed width of 9-14 ns, a power of 1.1 MW and energy of 10 mJ, on silver target in vacuum （10-3 Torr= 1.3332 Pa）. The characteristics of ion streams were investigated by CR-39 detectors located at angles of 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° with respect to normal of the target. The distance between the silver target and each detector was 11 cm. The energy of silver ions was found ranging from 1.5 eV to 1.06E4 eV. There was a high concentration of ions with low energy as compared to those with high energy, showing the energy distribution amongst the ions. The flux of ions was maximum in the axial direction which was decreasing with the angle increase with respect to normal of the target, and finally became minimum in the radial direction. Hence the silver ions have shown anisotropic behaviour.     

树脂芯助焊剂性能的基础研究

焊锡丝主要应用于仪器、仪表、各种家用电器等的焊接、补焊以及维修,而其焊接质量的好坏不仅取决于焊锡丝的合金材料,更取决于其树脂芯助焊剂的性能,通过大量的实验对影响其性能的因素进行了分析,并对可焊性进行测试,从而制备出诸如卤素含量低,扩展率好等综合性能优良的树脂芯助焊剂.     

西安市郊区日光温室大棚番茄施肥现状及土壤养分累积特性

调查了西安市郊区100余个日光温室栽培番茄的施肥现状,并采集了60个日光温室土壤剖面样品,测定了土壤养分及盐分含量。结果表明,当地番茄的氮磷钾化肥的平均施用量分别为N 600 kg hm-2,623 kg P2O5hm-2和497 kgK2O hm-2。过量施肥特别是过量施用磷肥比较普遍。日光温室土壤0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量均明显高于露地。不同地点日光温室土壤0~100 cm土层硝态氮含量及土壤电导率存在差别,但其含量均高于露地土壤,其中日光温室土壤0~100 cm土层硝态氮含量较露地的增加幅度在127%~433%之间。由于研究地区土壤多发育在河流冲积物上,地下水位埋藏浅,土壤质地相对较粗,因此,不合理施肥引起的土壤养分累积及损失,以及由此带来的环境问题值得关注。     

Sea-air flux of CO2 in the Caribbean Sea estimated using in situ and remote sensing data

Empirical relationships between sea surface carbon dioxide fugacity (fCO₂^sw) and sea surface temperature (SST) were applied to datasets of remotely sensed SST to create fCO₂^sw fields in the Caribbean Sea. SST datasets from different sensors were used, as well as the SST fields created by optimum interpolation of bias corrected AVHRR data. Empirical relationships were derived using shipboard fCO₂^sw data, in situ SST data, and SST data from the remote sensing platforms. The results show that the application of a relationship based on shipboard SST data, on fields of remotely sensed SST yields biased fCO₂^sw values. This bias is reduced if the fCO₂^sw-SST relationships are derived using the same SST data that are used to create the SST fields. The fCO₂^sw fields found to best reproduce observed fCO₂^sw are used in combination with wind speed data from QuikSCAT to create weekly maps of the sea-air CO₂ flux in the Caribbean Sea in 2002. The region to the SW of Cuba was a source of CO₂ to the atmosphere throughout 2002, and the region to the NE was a sink during winter and spring and a source during summer and fall. The net uptake of CO₂ in the region was doubled when potential skin layer effects on fCO₂^sw were taken into account.