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1.
Molecular structure and granule morphology of native and heat‐moisture‐treated pinhão starch
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Vania Z. Pinto Khalid Moomand Nathan L. Vanier Rosana Colussi Franciene A. Villanova Elessandra R. Zavareze Loong‐Tak Lim Alvaro R. G. Dias 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2015,50(2):282-289
Pinhão seed is an unconventional source of starch and the pines grow up in native forests of southern Latin America. In this study, pinhão starch was adjusted at 15, 20 and 25% moisture content and heated to 100, 110 and 120 °C for 1 h. A decrease in λ max (starch/iodine complex) was observed as a result of increase in temperature and moisture content of HMT. The ratio of crystalline to amorphous phase in pinhão starch was determined via Fourier transform infra red by taking 1045/1022 band ratio. A decrease in crystallinity occurred as a result of HMT. Polarised light microscopy indicated a loss of birefringence of starch granules under 120 °C at 25% moisture content. Granule size distribution was further confirmed via scanning electron microscopy which showed the HMT effects. These results increased the understanding on molecular and structural properties of HMT pinhão starch and broadened its food and nonfood industrial applications. 相似文献
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N‐(4‐Acetoxyphenyl) maleimide (APMI) and three kinds of comonomers bearing a trimethylsilyl group were copolymerized at 60°C in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator in 1,4‐dioxane to obtain the three IP, IIP, and IIIP copolymers. These copolymers were removed from the acetoxy group in a transesterification process into new IVP, VP, and VIP copolymers with a pendant hydroxyl group. Two modified processes were adopted to prepare photoresists using these copolymers. The first process involved mixing the dissolution inhibitor, o‐nitrobenzyl cholate, with the new copolymers. Second, o‐nitrobenzyl cholate was introduced into the copolymers using 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) in dimethylformamide (DMF). The cyclic maleimide structure is responsible for the high thermal stability of these copolymers. After irradiation using deep–UV light and development with aqueous Na2CO3 (0.01 wt %), the developed patterns showed positive images and exhibited good adhesion to the silicon wafer without using any adhesion promoter. The resolution of these resists was at least 0.8 μm and an oxygen‐plasma etching rate was 1/5.3 to that of hard‐baked HPR‐204. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2791–2798, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10255 相似文献
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Al-P-Ti-Si-O催化剂上合成邻羟基苯乙醚 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
采用不均匀沉淀法制备了Al-P -Ti-Si-O催化剂 ,并研究了邻苯二酚与乙醇在该催化剂上的气相O -乙基化反应 ,考察了催化剂组成、反应温度、邻苯二酚 /乙醇摩尔比、进料速率对反应性能的影响 ,同时考察了催化剂的稳定性。结果表明 ,催化剂组成对反应性能有较大影响 ,在研究的范围内 ,四组分催化剂Al1 P1 3 0 Ti0 3 0 Si0 1 7显示出了较好的催化性能 ,当催化剂用量 1 4g、n(邻苯二酚 ) /n(乙醇 ) =1/5、进料速率 0 5ml/h ,反应温度 2 6 0℃时 ,邻苯二酚转化率和邻羟基苯乙醚收率分别可达到 91 5 %和 85 3% ,并在 10 0h内催化剂具有很好的稳定性 相似文献
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SKYPE在远程英语教学方面的实时应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
SKYPE系统是目前世界上最流行的互联网远程视频、音频、文字实时交互平台,其音频、视频传播实时非常清晰,这对将远程教育拓展到家庭,特别是对推动远程英语教育的广泛性和普遍性能够起到很大的作用,本文就该平台的基本功能和性能做了介绍,并在远程英语教育方面的应用提出了实践的方法。 相似文献
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A series of new o‐phenylenediamine (OPD)/o‐phenetidine (PHT) copolymers with partly phenazine‐like structures has been successfully synthesized at three polymerization temperatures by chemically oxidative polymerization in four different polymerization media. The molecular structures and properties of the resulting OPD/PHT polymers were investigated by IR, UV–vis and high‐resolution 1H NMR spectroscopies, and DSC, in order to ascertain the effect of reaction temperature, comonomer ratio and acid medium. The copolymerization mechanism of OPD with PHT monomers has been proposed. It is found that the statistical OPD/PHT copolymer obtained at a temperature of 118 °C has a higher degree of polymerization than that obtained at 12–17 °C. The OPD content in the copolymers calculated from NMR spectroscopic analysis is higher than that in the feed OPD content, whereas the OPD content calculated from element analysis is slightly lower than the feed OPD content. It can be predicted that denitrogenation takes place in the OPD units during the polymerization process at OPD/PHT molar ratios of 90/10 and 100/0. These OPD/PHT copolymers exhibit a much better solubility than the OPD homopolymer, hence suggesting an incorporation of PHT units into the phenazine structure of the homopolymer. The thermal behavior of the copolymers was also studied. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Cost estimation of structural skeleton using an interactive automation algorithm: A conceptual approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper addresses a new concept for generating bills of quantities (B.o.Qs) using AutoCAD drawings for a building project, which demonstrates the application of Industry Foundation Class (IFC), developed by International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI). The procedure considers types of materials and the structural shapes of the AutoCAD drawings to compute the cost of the structural skeleton elements using interactive automation. The main concept focuses on using layer computation of the AutoCAD drawing after converting it into a drawing inter-exchangeable file format (DXF). Once the coordinates are detected, it is easier to determine the area and volume for any structural shape, including circles and polygons. The extracting method is a new technique for structural engineers and quantity surveyors to estimate required material for beam, columns, slabs and foundations. The algorithm extracts and recognizes the layers and objects from a two dimensional DXF drawing along with the coordinates information. The results obtained using this technique are more accurate and reliable than manual procedures or any other traditional techniques. In this paper, an automated and interactive procedure for B.o.Q computation is demonstrated. The process involves a user-friendly interface, dynamic linking to the structural drawings and tracking of B.o.Q modifications at the same time. 相似文献
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介绍了1145(Z)子午线轮胎定型硫化机的结构、结构特点、采用的新技术以及为保证制造精度而采取的各种工艺措施。事实证明,这种B型机械连杆式轮胎定型硫化机的主要技术指标和技术性能达到或超过了90年代初进口同类设备的先进水平,改变了过去硫化轻型载重汽车和轿车子午线轮胎宜采用A型、RIB型轮胎定型硫化机的传统认识。 相似文献
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