环境荷载联合作用下海上风电结构动力响应分析

为研究海上风电结构在复杂的海洋环境中承受环境荷载(风、波、冰、流)的联合作用时,结构产生的剧烈的动力响应问题。文章以三脚架基础海上风电结构为研究对象,采用ANSYS有限元软件建立其整体模型并进行荷载(风、波、流和风、冰、流)联合作用下的静力校核,通过对环境荷载联合作用下的三脚架基础海上风电结构进行瞬态分析,掌握其动力响应的特性及规律。结果表明:三脚架基础结构的一、二阶自振频率均为0.285Hz,在所选风机允许的频率范围内,可以保证整体结构不会与风机转动发生共振;风荷载在风、波、流荷载联合作用下主导控制结构响应的稳态波动,冰荷载在风、冰、流荷载联合作用下主导控制结构的稳态振动过程;塔筒顶端呈现的位移和加速度响应均远大于三脚架基础顶端;环境荷载联合作用下结构动力响应是环境荷载单独作用下动力响应叠加的结果。     

Behavioral and electrophysiological activity of (Z,E)-7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate,a mimic of the major sex pheromone component of carob moth,Ectomyelois ceratoniae

The behavioral and electrophysiological activity of a mimic [(Z,E)7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate] of the major sex pheromone component [(Z,E) 9,11,13-tetradecatrienal] of carob moth was assessed. Wind-tunnel bioassays demonstrated that the formate was as effective as natural gland extracts, and significantly more effective than the trienal alone or than the trienal blended with two minor pheromone components, in evoking source contact. Dispensers containing the formate were as effective as trienal-containing blend lures in attracting males when placed at the same dosage in traps in date gardens. Single-cell recordings showed that at least two olfactory neurons, differentiated by spike amplitude, are located in the long trichoid hairs on male carob moth antennae. Dose-response relationships indicated that puffs from cartridges loaded with at least 0.1 g of the formate or of the trienal were necessary to elicit spiking by either the small or the large-spiking cell within a sensillum. Cross-adaptation studies demonstrated that both compounds stimulated the same large-spiking cell. The frequencies of spikes evoked from the large cell when stimulated by emissions from 0.1-g, 1-g, or 10-g cartridges of either the formate or the trienal were not significantly different, suggesting that the formate is an effective mimic of the trienal at the antennal receptor cell level.     

Simulation of smoke flow and longitudinal ventilation in tunnel fire

1 Introduction The tunnel is one of the important facilities of railroad and highway transportation, and also a throat of railroad and highway. With the development of transportation, there are more and more tunnels. Although the tunnel fire occurs seldo…     

基于局部线性嵌入和支持向量机回归的TBM施工参数预测

依托吉林引松工程开展隧道掘进机（TBM）施工参数预测研究,提出TBM施工数据分段提取算法,提取上升段前30 s的总推进力、刀盘转速、推进速度、刀盘扭矩、刀盘转速电位器设定值、推进速度电位器设定值、贯入度、贯入度指数(FPI)、扭矩切深指数(TPI)9个参数作为输入;通过局部线性嵌入（LLE）完成对上升段数据特征的降维;基于支持向量机回归（SVR）建立TBM施工控制参数（推进速度、刀盘转速）和负载参数（总推进力、刀盘扭矩）预测模型. 分析是否结合前一掘进循环的FPI、TPI指数进行预测对预测效果的影响. 结果表明,上述方法在推进速度、刀盘转速、总推进力、刀盘扭矩的预测中均取得了较好的预测效果,平均预测绝对百分比误差均小于15%,验证了该预测方法的有效性,该方法可以为TBM现场施工提供指导.     

公路隧道钢筋混凝土衬砌碳化耐久性区划

为了构建公路隧道衬砌碳化耐久性的定量设计方法,对比各碳化深度计算模型与实测数据,选定衬砌碳化的最优模型;根据实测数据分析隧道环境温湿度与洞外大气关系,基于全国气象监测站的温湿度数据,建立公路隧道运营环境温湿度区划;考虑公路隧道CO₂的释放源项并参照实测数据,构建隧道运营环境CO₂体积分数的计算方法;以碳化劣化速率梯度相等为原则,对我国隧道碳化环境进行分区,结合分区推荐我国公路隧道衬砌碳化耐久性定量设计的具体方法. 研究发现：隧道环境湿度与大气湿度相当,隧道环境温度变化趋势与大气环境一致,两者均值接近. 公路隧道内部CO₂体积分数与CO体积分数呈线性关系. 云南、贵州区修建的隧道工程衬砌受环境影响较大,西藏、青海、内蒙古、黑龙江、吉林等地区的待建隧道在进行衬砌耐久性设计时可以忽略碳化影响,其余全国大面积区域隧道衬砌的碳化耐久性设计可以对应《混凝土结构耐久性设计标准》中环境作用等级中的“轻度”进行设计.     

高速公路连拱隧道施工监测及分析

依托作为河北省交通厅重点研究项目"高速公路复杂地层双连拱隧道施工控制工艺研究与应用"项目,以张石高速公路某连拱隧道为研究对象,通过对中导洞双侧洞法施工过程中现场测量的数据进行分析整理,得出了有关浅埋软弱岩体隧道一般施工监测的分析结果.     

高水头泄水建筑物侧墙掺气减蚀特性研究

工程中通常采用强迫掺气减蚀措施,防止泄水建筑物在高速水流作用下发生空蚀破坏,但在保护过流面底板的同时,忽视了对其侧墙的保护。为了减免位于高流速区域和低压区域侧墙发生空化空蚀,消除侧墙清水区,采用理论分析和物理模型试验研究方法,对龙抬头明流泄洪洞下游边墙掺气减蚀进行了研究,提出了在反弧末端加折流器（突扩）和突跌掺气方式。结果表明,采用突扩和突跌的掺气方式后,侧墙水流的出射角增大,侧空腔畅通,并直接和底空腔相连,有助于掺气坎后水舌的全断面的掺气,对侧墙和底板皆起到了很好的保护作用。     

Pathogenic Hydrogel? A Novel-Entrapment Neuropathy Model Induced by Ultrasound-Guided Perineural Injections

Entrapment neuropathy (EN) is a prevalent and debilitative condition caused by a complex pathogenesis that involves a chronic compression–edema–ischemia cascade and perineural adhesion that results in excessive shear stress during motion. Despite decades of research, an easily accessible and surgery-free animal model mimicking the mixed etiology is currently lacking, thus limiting our understanding of the disease and the development of effective therapies. In this proof-of-concept study, we used ultrasound-guided perineural injection of a methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-Poly(lactide-co-glycoilide) carboxylic acid (mPEG-PLGA-BOX) hydrogel near the rat’s sciatic nerve to induce EN, as confirmed sonographically, electrophysiologically, and histologically. The nerve that was injected with hydrogel appeared unevenly contoured and swollen proximally with slowed nerve conduction velocities across the injected segments, thus showing the compressive features of EN. Histology showed perineural cellular infiltration, deposition of irregular collagen fibers, and a possible early demyelination process, thus indicating the existence of adhesions. The novel method provides a surgery-free and cost-effective way to establish a small-animal model of EN that has mixed compression and adhesion features, thus facilitating the additional elucidation of the pathophysiology of EN and the search for promising treatments.     

水下隧道穿越管道保护效果测试评价

本文通过对四川气田北干线涪江隧道穿越管道阴极保护电参数的现场测试，取得了实际可信的基础数据，验证了处于水下隧道洞内的穿越段管道，能得到陆上强制电流阴极保护系统的有效保护，保护电流所必经的岩石层和锚喷钢筋混凝土层对保护电流没有构成屏蔽的结论，对管道工程设计和运行管理具有指导作用。     

近海复杂环境因素对闸墩混凝土裂缝的影响

近海大体积混凝土结构所处的外界环境以及地质条件比较复杂,对于带裂缝水闸结构来说,因所处的地理位置、气候变化以及潮汐升降水位等因素的缘故,水闸闸墩裂缝处于张合状态,这降低了水闸结构的稳定性,甚至会影响水闸结构的寿命。沿海环境温度变化对混凝土裂缝宽度变化的实际监测分析,对于混凝土结构安全耐久性评价具有一定价值,依托典型软土地基永定新河防潮闸工程,利用测缝计对闸墩裂缝宽度变化进行健康监测。主要研究运行期环境因素(以空气温度、水温以及潮汐水位为主)对闸墩裂缝的影响,采用健康安全监测软件,通过对数据的挖掘处理,得出环境温度和水位是影响闸墩水下裂缝宽度变化的敏感性因素的结论,为以后水闸闸墩裂缝的安全维护和裂缝的预防提供思路。