促进发电节能的可中断负荷电价优化设计模型

如果电力系统的备用容量完全有发电机组来承担,可能会产生长期"备而不用"的问题.这不仅会造成资源的浪费,也会导致用户购电成本的增加.通过供电公司与用户之间签订的合同,把用户的可中断负荷作为发电的一种备用,如果系统供给能量,则用户需要向供电公司支付电能价格;如果备用容量不足,系统中断时该用户的电力供给,但供电公司向用户进行其低谷用电的电价赔偿.可中断负荷电价的确定既要有利于发电成本的下降,又要有利于保护供电企业的利益,还要有利于激励用户减少高峰负荷用电的积极性.正是基于这样的目的而讨论可中断电价的优化设计模型.     

基于ADXL345的提升机容器姿态感知系统设计

为实时监测提升机容器垂直姿态,确保提升机容器发生倾斜时能够及时预警,设计了基于ADXL345的提升机容器姿态感知系统。该系统通过实时监测提升机容器与垂直方向的倾角值判断提升机容器当前的姿态,并将倾角值与报警阈值进行对比,如超出报警阈值则报警,且可通过RS485将报警信息上传至提升机监控中心,实现预警操作。     

观测几何对目标探测性能影响的仿真分析

在光电武器作战探测目标性能问题的研究中,不同大气/气溶胶模式、不同观测几何条件下的光电武器作战效能差异显著.针对上述问题,通过分析大气传输和观测几何对视在对比度的影响,建立了视在对比度传递模型,结合TIP准则提出了观测几何对目标探测性能的影响模型.利用Modtran软件离线计算的基础数据,提出了探测性能模型快速仿真计算方法,实现了典型地区、全天时、不同观测几何和观测距离条件下的成像系统探测性能的快速仿真计算.采用快速仿真计算方法,选取典型参数,计算并分析了不同大气/气溶胶模式、观测几何等因素对视在对比度、探测概率和探测距离等指标的影响.结果表明:观测几何对目标探测性能影响显著,50％探测概率条件下,顺光探测距离是逆光探测距离的1.38 ～1.7倍;不同大气/气溶胶模式条件下,观测几何对探测距离影响差异明显,海洋性气溶胶模式下影响较大,乡村型气溶胶模式下影响较小.文中提出了观测几何对目标探测性能的影响模型和快速仿真计算方法,为光电武器系统任务规划和作战效能评估提供了理论和技术支持.     

改进教与学优化算法的LQR控制器优化设计

为了快速有效地确定线性二次最优控制(linear quadratic regulator,LQR)问题中的加权矩阵Q和R,针对主动悬架LQR控制器权系数设计问题,提出一种改进的教与学优化算法进行LQR优化设计。算法对基本教与学优化算法中的"教"与"学"阶段进行了进一步的改进,同时提出一种"自我学习"策略。通过仿真实验表明,和基本教与学算法、粒子群算法、遗传算法相比,本文算法在对主动悬架LQR控制器优化时,具有收敛速度快,求解精度高和稳定性强等优势。     

压缩感知算法在阵列测向中的相干信号分辨

现有算法在进行信号重建时,需要原始信号的稀疏信息来控制初始原子集的大小和算法迭代的最大次数,这削弱了重建精度,增加了计算复杂度,限制了其实际应用能力。为了克服这个问题,提出了基于正交匹配追踪算法的改进算法。该算法将阵元个数作为假设稀疏度,在稀疏度未知的初始阶段扩展初始原子集。最后通过对测量信号的幅度进行阈值过滤以实现信号的分辨和信源数的估计。为解决测向人员面对监测软件所指示的多个信号示向度中,无法分辨哪些指示方向是同一个信号源所产生的折反射信号的问题,首次提出了基于压缩感知算法的相干关系分析和相干信号分辨的模型。实测数据结果表明,该算法在不同环境下可以清晰分辨相干信号,并且能够适应多种实验平台。     

A free space frequency‐time‐domain technique for electromagnetic characterization of materials using reflection‐based measurement

In this report, a free space frequency‐time‐domain technique is presented for characterizing the electrical properties and thickness of the sample using multiple reflections and fabry‐perot resonance phenomenon. The retrieval of constitutive electromagnetic parameters of the sample has been carried out by comparing the measured reflection coefficient data from the sample at two different incident angles. The relative permittivity as well as relative permeability along with the thickness of different samples viz., beryllia, silicon, and plexiglass have been evaluated with high accuracy in the frequency range 1 to 15 GHz. The method is also experimentally validated by successfully reconstructing the unknown material properties of two different samples. The unique advantage of this method lies in non‐requirement of any prior knowledge of the sample's thickness for measuring the complex relative dielectric constant as well as relative permeability of the sample. To determine the electromagnetic properties of the sample, the sole knowledge of reflection coefficient data are needed. Moreover, the method does not involve any additional measurement for the reference calibration. The simple, cost‐effective proposed scheme is quite useful in many applications like accurate determination of signal strength in indoor wireless communication, through wall imaging, food industry, and so on.     

Design of a broadband dielectric resonator antenna and its application in low sensitivity frequency beam‐scanning array with wide scanning angle and suppressed sidelobes

In this paper, a broadband dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with a simple H‐slot feeding structure is proposed. The broad bandwidth (~45%) and uni‐directional radiation enable this DRA suitable to work as a radiation element in the construction of a beam‐scanning array with not only low frequency sensitivity which is important for accurate angle estimation of in‐coming targets, but also a wide scanning range. Moreover, stable coupling coefficients are established around all the above three resonances with respect to its corresponding feeding line, ensuring a low sidelobe level (SLL) across the whole operating frequency range. In order to realize such a DRA, a latticed rectangular structure is utilized to generate the lower two resonances, while the upper resonance is generated by its H‐shaped feeding slot. The shape of the latticed dielectric resonator is also modified according to a 3‐D printed fixing structure for an accurate installation. A 20‐element beam‐scanning prototype is demonstrated and manufactured. The range of scanning angle is from ?36° to +13° within the bandwidth of 10 to 16 GHz, corresponding to a frequency sensitivity of only 122.5 MHz/^o. The achieved SLL are smaller than 19 dB for all scanning beams. The above performance indicates that, this array is very suitable for near‐range radar systems requiring an accurate angle estimation.     

k分搜索的时间复杂度分析

分治策略的思想是将一个规模较大的问题分解为多个形式相同的子问题来解决。搜索是指在一个排好序的数组中寻找与给定数值x相等的元素,传统的搜索算法是遍历,而二分搜索是一种基于分治策略的搜索算法。二分搜索是将数组每次分为相等的两部分,将待查元素x与数组中间的元素比较,若相等则搜索成功;否则将搜索范围缩小为原来的一半,之后以此类推,直到找到待查元素,与遍历相比,二分搜索复杂度明显降低。以二分搜索为基础,每次可以将数组分为更多部分,即k分搜索,探寻k为何值时k分搜索算法的时间复杂度最低,能够对搜索算法进一步优化。通过分析、归纳与证明,得出k分搜索的时间复杂度为O(klog_kn),由于该函数是递增的,因此二分搜索是效率最高的搜索算法,复杂度为O(log₂n);此外,当k=n时,k分搜索退化为遍历,复杂度退化为O(n)。     

基于多重约束的OpenXML复合文档内容源数据区容错定界算法

在高误码率条件下,接收到的OpenXML复合文档往往因数据含错而无法打开,而在文档修复过程中,对信源中每个源文件内容源数据区的定界经常容易出错,针对该问题,提出了一种基于多重约束的OpenXML复合文档内容源数据区容错定界算法。通过对文档协议冗余的分析与归类,将内容源数据区定界问题转化为对起始位置序列的最佳估计问题。在通过适当放宽匹配条件完成粗定界的基础上,利用冗余信息中的约束关系构建代价函数对观测数据进行筛选,有效地剔除“虚警”情况,进而实现对内容源数据区起始位置序列的最佳估计。仿真结果表明,在参数设置合理的情况下,该方法具有较好的容错定界能力。     

Effects of laser beam energy and incident angle on the pulse laser welding of stainless steel thin sheet

This paper reports an experimental study of laser spot welding on stainless steel sheets. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used to weld the stainless steel specimen in the range of laser energy 0.6–1.2 J and incident angle 30–75° (the angle of the laser beam incident direction to the sheet surface). Metallography was applied to measure the cross-sectional size and shape of the welded spot. From the experimental results, it is found that as the laser energy increases, the penetration depth, bead length, and bead width of the welded spot increase. As the laser incident angle increases, the penetration depth and the bead width increase while the bead length decreases. The results illustrate that the shape and size of the welded spot depend not only on the laser energy, but also on the incident angle of laser beam.