GC—MS法分析Fenton法处理焦化废水难降解有机物规律

利用Box-BehnkenDesign（BBD）的响应面分析方法（RsM）,对Fenton试剂法处理焦化废水4个主要因素：初始pH、H2O2用量、EH2O2]／[Fe^2＋]摩尔比及反应时间的交互影响进行了分析,得到二次响应曲面模型,表明COD的去除率与各因素存在显著的相关性,以[Fe2＋]：[H2O2。]（摩尔比）和Hzoz投加量交互影响最为显著。以优化条件pH值为3．60、m（H2O2）：re（CODcr）为1．95、[Fe2＋]／EH2O2]摩尔比为1：7．43、反应时间30．8min,分别处理原水、缺氧池出水、二沉池出水,COD去除率达到44．60％、47．30％、56．59％．GC—MS分析Fenton氧化法处理前后水样,表明Fenton体系中产生大量的·OH自由基,主要对焦化废水中的挥发酚类和含氮杂环化合物类污染物苯环上的c—c键进行攻击后断裂,降解产物以石油烃类为主及部分的酯类、醇类等．好氧工艺和Fenton法对挥发酚类去除效果显著．     

The Biomolecular Corona in 2D and Reverse: Patterning Metal–Phenolic Networks on Proteins,Lipids, Nucleic Acids,Polysaccharides, and Fingerprints

The adsorption of biomolecules onto nanomaterials can alter the performance of the nanomaterials in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies have primarily focused on the protein “corona”, formed upon adsorption of proteins onto nanoparticles in biological fluids, which can change the biological fate of the nanoparticles. Conversely, interactions between nanomaterials and other classes of biomolecules namely, lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides have received less attention despite their important roles in biology. A possible reason is the challenge associated with investigating biomolecule interactions with nanomaterials using current technologies. Herein, a protocol is developed for studying bio–nano interactions by depositing four classes of biomolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides) and complex biological media (blood) onto planar substrates, followed by exposure to metal–phenolic network (MPN) complexes. The MPNs preferentially interact with the biomolecule over the inorganic substrate (glass), highlighting that patterned biomolecules can be used to engineer patterned MPNs. Subsequent formation of silver nanoparticles on the MPN films maintains the patterns and endows the films with unique reflectance and fluorescence properties, enabling visualization of latent fingerprints (i.e., invisible residual biomolecule patterns). This study demonstrates the potential complexity of the biomolecule corona as all classes of biomolecules can adsorb onto MPN‐based nanomaterials.     

曝气生物滤池-超滤组合工艺处理高氨氮高有机物原水的效果

以重庆某水库水为对象,考察了曝气生物滤池-超滤组合工艺对高氨氮、高有机物原水中污染物的去除效果。结果表明:试验装置运行期间,进水COD_Mn平均值为7 mg/L,出水COD_Mn平均值为3.5 mg/L,COD_Mn平均去除率为50.0%;进水氨氮平均值为0.65 mg/L,出水氨氮平均值为0.12 mg/L,氨氮平均去除率为81.5%。组合工艺对COD_Mn和氨氮的平均去除率较曝气生物滤池分别提高了26.9%和11.4%,较常规絮凝-沉淀工艺分别提高了20.0%和58.5%,原水经曝气生物滤池-超滤组合工艺处理后,其氨氮、COD_Mn均满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)中的相关要求。     

污泥有机物降解规律研究

污泥中的微生物能够将其中的有机物降解,影响污泥的填埋工程应用。针对这种问题对污泥开展降解试验,分析污泥中的有机物的降解过程,并总结出污泥有机物降解的降解规律和动力学模型。结果表明：污泥中有机物含量整体趋势是随着时间逐渐减小;有机物降解速率在初期波动较大,但整体趋势依然是随着时间逐渐减小;随着降解时间的增加,污泥的 pH 先是降低,然后慢慢回升,继而逐渐趋于稳定;而污泥的含水率逐渐增加。有机物降解的动力学模型适合指数关系（M ＝ M0 e －βt ）。     

Magnetoelectrically Driven Catalytic Degradation of Organics

Here, the catalytic degradation of organic compounds is reported by exploiting the magnetoelectric nature of cobalt ferrite–bismuth ferrite (CFO–BFO) core–shell nanoparticles. The combination of magnetostrictive CFO with multiferroic BFO gives rise to a magnetoelectric engine that purifies water under wireless magnetic fields via advanced oxidation processes, without involvement of any sacrificial molecules or cocatalysts. Magnetostrictive CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles are fabricated using hydrothermal synthesis, followed by sol–gel synthesis to create the multiferroic BiFeO₃ shell. Theoretical modeling is performed to study the magnetic‐field‐induced polarization on the surface of magnetoelectric nanoparticles. The results obtained from these simulations are consistent with experimental findings of the piezoforce microscopy analysis, where changes in piezoresponse of the nanoparticles under magnetic fields are observed. Next, the magnetoelectric‐effect‐induced catalytic degradation of organic pollutants is investigated under AC magnetic fields, and 97% removal efficiency for synthetic dyes and over 85% removal efficiency for routinely used pharmaceuticals are obtained. Additionally, trapping experiments are performed to elucidate the mechanism behind the magnetic‐field‐induced catalytic degradation of organic pollutants by using scavengers for each of the reactive species. The results indicate that hydroxyl and superoxide radicals are the main reactive species in the magnetoelectrically induced catalytic degradation of organic compounds.     

水中痕量有机物光催化降解初始速率排序和预测

TiO2光催化技术消除饮用水中痕量有毒有机物的实际应用不像实验室基础研究一样有令人满意的进展，理论研究体系的相对简单与实际应用体系复杂多变的矛盾是现阶段存在的主要问题之一。通过有机物聚类分析将现有的有机物降解实验数据进行归类和排序;同时，从有机物初始浓度与初始降解速率的关系出发，通过Freundlich动力学方程，用研究成熟、检测方便的常量和微量浓度区域的实验数据来预测痕量和超痕量浓度范围内的降解速率，而这个浓度范围正是饮用水深度净化过程所必须涉及的。两方面的结合为理论研究体系与实际应用体系的衔接探索了一条新的思路。     

共基质代谢对难生物降解有机物的作用研究

难降解有机物容易在环境中不断积累,而且大多数有机物对人体和其他动植物产生危害.这种有机物处理比较困难,共基质代谢作用可以提高微生物的生化活性,从而提高降解有机物的能力.文中介绍了共基质代谢作用对难降解有机物进行生物处理时的作用机理、特点、影响因素及研究现状,以及共基质代谢作用在以后生物处理过程中的发展前景.     

AFB-MFC系统有机基质降解及产电模型

为了探明厌氧流化床微生物燃料电池(AFB-MFC)产电及有机基质降解之间的关系,基于AFB-MFC阳极系统物料平衡和微生物的增长建立了有机基质降解数学模型,并基于进水流量、外电阻及有机基质浓度建立了产电模型,通过AFB-MFC系统处理高浓度有机废水试验对有机基质降解模型和产电模型进行了验证。AFB-MFC系统有机基质降解动力学模型为q=0.607S/(398.82+S),产电模型为:U=96485S/8*Q·[6×10-6S-0.0133]·Rex。     

Oil-source rock correlation for paleo-oil reservoir in the Puguang gas field,northeast Sichuan Basin,southwest China

The characteristic of biomarker, stable carbon isotope, and rare earth elements in solid bitumen from the Puguang gas field and organic fraction in source rocks from the same area were investigated. Results show that the solid bitumen was derived from a mixed organic source with greater contributions from marine materials deposited under reducing environments. The enrichment of light rare earth elements seemed related to marine organic matter input. According to the results of principal component analysis, the main source rocks of paleo-oil reservoir in the Puguang gas field were the Upper Permian source rocks.     

Does the Environmental Gain of Switching to the Healthy New Nordic Diet Outweigh the Increased Consumer Cost？

The new Nordic diet （NND） was designed by gastronomic, nutritional and environmental specialists to be a palatable, healthy and sustainable diet containing 30%-40% less meat than the average Danish diet （ADD）, ≥ 75% organics, and more locally grown wholegrain products, nuts, fruit and vegetables. In this study, the NND was based on economic modelling to represent a ＂realistic NND bought by Danish consumers＂. The objective was to investigate whether the ADD-to-NND diet-shift has environmental consequences that outweigh the increased consumer cost of the diet-shift. The diet-shift reduced the three most important environmental impacts by 16%-22%, mainly caused by reduced meat content. The surcharge to consumers of the ADD-to-NND diet-shift was ∈216/capita/year. In monetary terms, the savings related to the environmental impact of the diet-shift were ∈151/capita/year. 70% of the increased consumer cost of the ADD-to-NND diet-shift was countered by the reduced socioeconomic advantage associated with the reduced environmental impact of the NND.