铁道车辆单元制动缸用耐低温橡胶皮碗的研制

研究丁腈橡胶(NBR)牌号、补强体系和增塑体系对NBR胶料耐低温性能的影响,根据试验结果优化耐低温橡胶皮碗胶料配方,采用优化配方制造橡胶皮碗并进行产品性能试验。结果表明:优化配方胶料和皮碗除具有优异的耐低温性能外,其他各项性能均满足技术要求,且所研制的橡胶皮碗能通过低温运用考验。     

汽车制动主缸补偿孔测量仪的设计研究

制动主缸补偿孔测量仪是为汽车制动系统零部件生产厂家设计开发的用于在产品实验室中对制动主缸补偿孔的加工质量进行检测的专用仪器.该测量仪是集光、机、电、计算机等各种技术于一体的检测仪器,实现了检测的智能化和可视化,使测量更准确、更方便,大大提高了工作效率.介绍了整个测量仪的基本组成及各分系统的系统原理.     

超高压水压试验机高压缸体的有限元分析

根据某超高压水压试验机结构主要部件高压缸体的结构特点，利用大型通用有限元分析软件I-DEAS建立其实体装配模型和有限元模型，并对高压缸体进行了静力学的有限元分析，研究了在各种载荷的共同作用下高压缸体结构应力（应变）以及位移（变形）情况。结果表明，应用I-DEAS软件分析计算具有较高的精度，所建立模型和采用的计算方法合理，可进一步用于高压水压试验机结构的优化设计。     

The lift on a disc immersed in a rotating granular bed

The discrete element method has been used to study the lift F_L on a stationary disc immersed coaxially in a slowly rotating cylinder containing a granular material. In a tall granular column, F_L rises with the immersion depth h, but reaches a roughly constant asymptote at large h, in agreement with previous studies. Our results indicate that the argument in some earlier studies that F_L is proportional to the static stress gradient is incorrect. Instead, our results show that the lift is caused by an asymmetry in the dilation and shear rate between the regions above and below the disc. We argue that the cause of the lift is similar to that in fluids, namely that it arises as a result of the disturbance in the velocity and density fields around the body due to its motion relative to the granular bed. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 5482–5489, 2017     

机筒槽深和机筒与螺棱间隙对力化学反应器的影响

从对力化学反应器挤出成型和剪切效果有重要影响的机筒螺槽深度(简称槽深)和机筒与螺棱间隙着手,分别通过改变机筒槽深和机筒与螺棱间隙,采用Polyfl ow软件对聚乙烯熔体在等温状态下的挤出过程进行数值模拟。对表征力化学反应器剪切效果的参数指标,如最大剪切速率、最大剪切应力和最大混合指数作相应的比较分析。研究结果表明,机筒未开槽(槽深0 mm)或槽深过大(2 mm)均降低了力化学反应器对物料的剪切和混合作用,而槽深为1 mm时,获得的最大剪切速率、最大剪切应力值和最大混合指数最大;随着机筒与螺棱间隙从0.5 mm依次增加到1 mm和2 mm,力化学反应器对物料的剪切及混合能力依次减弱,当机筒槽深为1 mm,且机筒和螺棱的间隙尺寸为0.5 mm时力化学反应器对物料的剪切和混合效果最好。     

超长直列汽缸套接缝处冲击磨损试验装置及其试验研究

针对超长直列汽缸接缝处与活塞环之间的高速冲击特点,设计高差速旋转"面-面"接触磨损试验装置。通过模拟活塞环与超长直列汽缸接缝处的接触状态、滑动速度所受蒸汽压力,测量活塞环、汽缸套不同位置的磨损量,观察活塞环、汽缸套磨损前后的形貌变化,探索在高速冲击下活塞环与超长直列汽缸套接缝处的磨损规律。结果表明:设计的高差速旋转"面-面"接触磨损试验装置,可以模拟超长直列汽缸与活塞环之间的高速冲击磨损行为;汽缸套接缝处存在倒角将增加该摩擦副磨损,尤其将大幅增加对摩活塞环的磨损;倒角汽缸套的"迎环面"磨损严重,行程中段及"背环面"磨损轻微。     

Control of flow around a square cylinder at incidence by using a splitter plate

Passive control of vortex shedding behind a square cylinder at incidence has been conducted experimentally by using a stationary splitter plate for the Reynolds numbers of 3.0×10⁴. The splitter plate was located at the center of the rear face of the square cylinder in tandem. The width of the cylinder and the plate were both chosen to be 30 mm and the incidence angle of the square cylinder was rotated between 0° to 45°. In this study, the combined effects of the splitter plate and angle of incidence on the pressure distributions and vortex-shedding phenomenon were investigated. Vortex shedding frequency was obtained from velocity measurements and aerodynamic force coefficients acted on the cylinder were calculated from pressure distributions. Characteristics of the vortex formation region and location of the flow attachments, reattachments and separation were observed by using the smoke–wire flow visualization technique. For the case with the plate, there is a sudden jump in the Strouhal number in the vicinity of 13° which corresponds to a minimum value of the drag coefficient. At zero angle of incidence, Strouhal number and a drag coefficient of the square cylinder decreased about 20% by means of the splitter plate. Drag reduction was minimum at about 13° and reached its maximum value at about 20°.     

Comparison of flow characteristics around an equilateral triangular cylinder via PIV and Large Eddy Simulation methods

The flow structures around an equilateral triangular cylinder, which is commonly used as a vortex shedder in the vortex flowmeter, were investigated experimentally and numerically. Flow characteristics such as vorticity contours, patterns of sectional streamlines, velocity vectors, velocity fields, Reynolds stress correlations, Strouhal numbers and drag coefficients were examined using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique and the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence model. Experimental studies were performed in an open water channel for Re=2.9×10³, Re=5.8×10³ and Re=1.16×10⁴ based on the equilateral triangle edge. A sharp-tip corner of the cylinder with a triangle cross-section was exposed to the upstream side while the other two sharp-tip corners were placed on the downstream side. Numerical studies were also completed at Reynolds numbers in the range of 2.9×10³≤Re≤1.16×10⁵ to obtain the changes in the Strouhal numbers and drag coefficients. When the results of PIV and LES are considered in the same interval of Reynolds numbers, the maximum and minimum values of each flow pattern were nearly the same. The time-averaged patterns had considerable symmetry with respect to the axis line passing through the sharp-tip corner of the cross-section of the triangular cylinder. The Strouhal number was independent of the Reynolds number and was found to be approximately 0.22. The drag coefficient decreased with increasing Reynolds numbers while increasing the Power Spectral Density (PSD) and the vortex shedding frequency. For the same Reynolds numbers, the experimental and numerical results were in good agreement. Therefore, the LES turbulence model is recommended for applications of flow around this type of bluff body that is generally used in the design of vortex flowmeters to generate vortex shedding.     

单缸补气转子式压缩机在热泵系统中制热性能

利用中间补气技术将单缸滚动转子式压缩机应用于空气源热泵系统中,系统地研究以R410A为冷媒的热泵系统在变频、变补气压力工况下制热性能的变化规律。实验结果表明：中间补气系统的制热量及系统功率均随着压缩机频率f、中间补气压力p_inj的增加呈上升趋势,同频率下系统功率则以线性方式增长,而系统制热量随着补气压力及频率的增大,其相对增长率逐渐减小。因此COP_h在低频时存在最佳补气压力,而在高频时无极值点;与单级压缩系统相比,在800~1200 kPa、50~80 Hz范围内,中间补气系统的制热量、功率、COP_h最大提升分别为27.55%、30.75%、7.1%。随着频率及补气压力的增加,系统COP_h下降,因此中间补气技术应与合理的控制策略相结合,可使中间补气系统达到节能高效的目的。     

滑模摊铺机四支柱的承载不均性及其影响

本文从四点找平原理和机器作业实际工况出发，分析了滑模式水泥混凝土推铺机四浮动支柱液压缸负不均的原因以及所产生的后果，对如何改善四支柱受载的均匀性，提出了一些对摊铺机的设计、施工和使用有关的建议。