生长条件对KDP晶体中散射颗粒的影响

利用透射电子显微技术对不同条件下生长的KDP晶体中包裹物进行了观察并测量了其相应尺寸。结果表明，晶体中的生长缺陷、pH值、生长速度和杂质与KDP晶体散射颗粒的形态存在密切关系。     

Mashing of rice with barley malt under non-conventional process conditions for use in food processes

Non-conventional mashing conditions are relevant in the development of a lactic acid-fermented soymilk beverage where mashed rice is the source of carbohydrates for the fermentation and sweetness of the beverage. Advantages in the process layout could be achieved by mashing at higher pH and lower malt concentrations than normally used in the brewing industry. the work reported here assessed the consequences of mashing under non-conventional conditions. Malt concentration in the cereal part was varied from 25% to 70% (w/w), pH was varied within 5.3 to 7.1, and prolongation of the holding times at 50°C and 62°C was investigated. Regression equations have been established for predicting yields of soluble protein, low molecular weight sugars and total fermentability as functions of pH and malt concentration. the results showed that the maltose yield was constant while glucose, maltotriose and total fermentable sugar yields decreased slightly with increasing pH and decreasing malt concentration. Prolonged mash holding times at 50°C and 62°C gave minor increases in protein yields only. It is concluded that it is quite acceptable to use non-conventional mashing conditions when a mashing step is integrated in other food processes.     

用分步沉积法去除Nb(OH)5/Ta(OH)5中Ti,Sb等金属杂质的工艺研究

从理论和实践应用方面，研究了在不同活性金属离子存在的条件下控制pH值，应用分步沉积的方法去除Nb(OH)5/Ta(OH)5中某些金属杂质。在一定温度下，可在不影响Nb(OH)5/Ta(OH)5沉积的条件下，达到有效去除Ti，Sb，Sn，Al，Fe等杂质元素的目的。     

The emulsifying properties of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Cordia abyssinica

Polysaccharide was isolated from Cordia abyssinica and its effect, at differing concentrations, on its emulsifying ability was determined. Emulsions of vegetable oil containing up to 1% of the polysaccharide in phosphate pH 7.4 buffer, were prepared by using a hand piston homogenizer. Emulsification was assessed by diluting samples of the emulsions in sodium dodecyl sulphate and measuring absorbance at 500 nm. Addition of increasing concentrations of the polysaccharide up to 1% enhanced emulsification and emulsion stability. Above 1% concentration the polysaccharide solutions were too viscous for making emulsions conveniently. At a constant concentration of the polysaccharide, addition of up to a 1% concentration of salt enhanced emulsion formation. Further addition of salt above 1% resulted in no further changes in emulsifying ability, but the stability of the emulsions formed decreased on increasing the concentration of salt above 1%. The effect of pH on emulsifying ability was investigated by preparing emulsions using buffers of different pH, from pH 3 to pH 13. The polysaccharide had poor emulsifying ability below pH 7. Emulsifying ability increased with pH between pH 7 and 11. At pH above 11 there was a decrease in emulsifying ability.     

铬盐清洁生产工艺中铝的脱除

分析了K2Cr2O7清洁生产工艺中Al(Ⅲ）-K2CrO4-K2Cr2O7-H2O体系的离子平衡，推导出25℃时混合溶液中[Al(Ⅲ）]和[H^ ],[Cr2O7^2-]/[CrO4^2-]之间的对应关系。并由实验测定验证了这一关系。提出了通过调整K2CrO4碳酸化反应转化率来降低体系中Al(Ⅲ）杂质含量的新方法。工业试验已证明了其可行性。     

Recovery of pyruvic acid with weakly basic polymeric sorbents

BACKGROUND: Carboxylic acids are among the most important substances that can be manufactured from biomass. However, the recovery of carboxylic acids from fermentation broths presents a challenging separation problem. To avoid the production of waste salts and net consumption of chemicals in the calcium carboxylate salt process, the use of reversible chemical complexation with polymeric sorbents and extractants is attractive for carboxylic acid recovery. Pyruvic acid is widely used in the manufacture of medicines, pesticides and foodstuffs and can be produced by fermentation. Since the acidity of pyruvic acid (pK_a = 2.49) is stronger than that of normal carboxylic acids, and as few reports on the recovery of pyruvic acid are available, the sorption of pyruvic acid from aqueous solution on two types of weakly basic polymeric sorbent, tertiary amine D301R and primary amine D392, was investigated over a wide pH range and at various salt (MgSO₄) concentrations. RESULTS: Overloading adsorption of pyruvic acid on both weakly basic polymeric sorbents occurred, with the overloading of D392 being greater than that of D301R. The adsorption of pyruvic acid on both sorbents was greatly affected by the solution pH and the salt concentration in the aqueous phase. An overloading model was able to predict the experimental uptake data very well. CONCLUSION: Solution pH is one of the most important operating conditions, and both polymeric sorbents D392 and D301R can be used to recover pyruvic acid from dilute aqueous solution with high efficiency at a solution pH around 2. The uptake by D392 is greater than that by D301R owing to steric hindrance of the tertiary amine. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

啤酒中测定双乙酰含量的EBC法的改进

EBC法是测定啤酒双乙酰的常规方法,但大量报道此法再生性和重复性较差,本文对影响此方法的一些因素进行了考查,发现酸碱度是影响EBC法的一个重要因素,并对EBC法进行改进。     

Role of pH and Ionic Strength on Water Relationships in Washed Minced Chicken-breast Muscle Gels

ABSTRACT The relationship between pH, ionic strength, and water balance of chicken-breast muscle gels was investigated. An increase in gel pH (pH 6.4 to 7.4) without added NaCl led to dramatic increases in water-holding capacity and water uptake (P < 0.05). Gels at 150 mM NaCl exhibited less ability to adsorb water than salt-free gels (P < 0.05 at pH 6.8 to 7.4) and had lower water-holding capacities (P < 0.05) and fold scores at and below pH 7. Varying salt concentration of the gel-bathing solutions had dramatic effect on the water uptake of the gels. The results show that strong water-absorbing gels can be produced at low ionic strengths and suggest that the negative charge of the muscle proteins is the driving force for water uptake and retention.     

酸碱中和反应中pH值的单神经元自适应控制研究

基于酸碱中和反应过程中pH值变化的动态模型,设计单神经元自适应控制器,解决化工生产过程中pH值的PID控制所存在的调节时间长、超调量大和系统抗干扰性差的问题。在相同条件下与PID控制器进行对比实验,实验结果表明单神经元自适应控制器明显改善pH值过程控制系统的动态性能,该控制系统具有较强的自适应性与鲁棒性。     

基于两电极体系的水质检测分析平台设计

为实现对水质的多参数检测,设计了一个基于两电极体系的水质检测分析平台。该检测平台通过最小化极化电流的思想,采用辅助电极面积远大于工作电极的电极参数,设计了基于两电极体系的集成电极和软硬件系统,摈弃了传统三电极体系的参比电极,同时克服了传统三电极体系容易污染样品的缺点,能实现电化学工作站的诸多功能。本研究在该检测平台上开展了水样的电导率(EC)、pH和重金属浓度的检测研究,获得了较好的结果,可用于实验室及工业现场的水质监测。