冷却猪肉pH值变化与肉汁渗出率的关系研究

为了解决冷却肉流汁过多的问题,本项研究分别选取不同部位的猪肉作实验材料,在同等处理条件下检测了不同时点猪肉的pH值和肉汁渗出率。结果表明:不同部位猪肉的pH值下降速率和极限pH值存在一定的差异,有的存在极显著差异(p<0.01);较高的pH值下降速率和较低的极限pH值会导致较高的肉汁渗出率。     

A comparative study for the quantitative determination of soluble solids content,pH and firmness of pears by Vis/NIR spectroscopy

Visible and near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy was investigated to determine the soluble solids content (SSC), pH and firmness of different varieties of pears. Two-hundred forty samples (80 for each variety) were selected as sample set. Two-hundred ten pear samples (70 for each variety) were selected randomly for the calibration set, and the remaining 30 samples (10 for each variety) for the validation set. Partial least squares (PLS) and least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM) with different spectral preprocessing techniques were implemented for calibration models. Different wavelength regions including Vis, NIR and Vis/NIR were compared. It indicated that Vis/NIR (400–1800 nm) was optimal for PLS and LS-SVM models. Then, LS-SVM models were developed with a grid search technique and RBF kernel function. All LS-SVM models outperformed PLS models. Next, effective wavelengths (EWs) were selected according to regression coefficients. The EW-LS-SVM models were developed and a good prediction precision and stability was achieved compared with PLS and LV-LS-SVM models. The correlation coefficient of prediction (r_p), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and bias for the best prediction by EW-LS-SVM were 0.9164, 0.2506 and −0.0476 for SSC, 0.8809, 0.0579 and −0.0025 for pH, whereas 0.8912, 0.6247 and −0.2713 for firmness, respectively. The overall results indicated that the regression coefficient was an effective way for the selection of effective wavelengths. LS-SVM was superior to the conventional linear PLS method in predicting SSC, pH and firmness in pears. Therefore, non-linear models may be a better alternative to monitor internal quality of fruits. And the EW-LS-SVM could be very helpful for development of portable instrument or real-time monitoring of the quality of pears.     

Effects of replacing chopped alfalfa hay with alfalfa silage in a total mixed ration on production and rumen conditions of lactating dairy cows

The effects of replacing chopped alfalfa hay with alfalfa silage in a total mixed ration containing barley grain and corn silage on production and rumen conditions were investigated. Cows received three diets that all contained (dry matter basis) 38.5% barley grain-based energy supplement, 30.5% corn silage, 17.0% protein supplement, and 4.2% sunflower seeds. One diet contained (dry matter basis) 9.8% of chopped alfalfa hay and no alfalfa silage. One diet contained (dry matter basis) 4.9% chopped alfalfa hay and 4.9% alfalfa silage. One diet contained (dry matter basis) 9.8% of alfalfa silage and no chopped alfalfa hay. Contents of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and starch, averaged across diets, were 16.7, 41.3, 21.1, and 24.4% DM, respectively, and did not differ significantly among diets. Replacing chopped alfalfa hay with alfalfa silage decreased the proportion of dietary DM passing through the 8-mm screen of the Penn State Particle Separator from 61.9 to 55.2% dry matter and significantly increased dietary physical effective NDF (peNDF) content, calculated as the NDF retained by the two screens of the Penn State Particle Separator, from 20.1 to 23.3% DM. Replacing chopped alfalfa hay with alfalfa silage also reduced dietary DM content, increased rumen pH from 6.27 to 6.47, reduced volatile fatty acid concentrations, numerically increased milk fat concentration and milk fat yield. Milk yield, milk protein concentration, dry matter intake, and rumen ammonia concentration were not affected.     

Temperature Sensitivity and Pressure Resistance of Mushroom Polyphenoloxidase

Measurements of residual enzyme activity and FTIR-spectroscopy revealed that mushroom polyphenoloxidase is a thermosensitive enzyme readily inactivated by temperatures exceeding 50°C. The enzyme is, however, very pressure stable. At room temperature no enzyme inactivation occurred at pressures up to 6 kbar. FTIR-spectroscopy revealed that a modification in enzyme conformation occurred below 9 kbar. Kinetic studies showed that pressure and temperature did not always act synergistically with respect to enzyme inactivation. FTIR-spectroscopy showed that pressure- or temperature-induced changes were considerably different. Both temperature and pressure-temperature inactivation were only slightly influenced by pH (in the pH-range 5.5–7.5).     

大黄鱼卵分离蛋白的凝胶特性分析

本文以大黄鱼卵盐溶蛋白为原料,在85℃加热20 min后于室温下放置12 h制备大黄鱼卵分离蛋白凝胶,并对其凝胶特性进行分析,同时探究了pH对大黄鱼卵分离蛋白凝胶特性的影响.结果显示,大黄鱼卵分离蛋白成胶的最低浓度为100 mg/mL,且在pH8条件下的制备的大黄鱼卵分离蛋白凝胶具有更好的流变特性.低场核磁和扫描电镜的...     

pH值和离子强度对壳聚糖乳化性质的影响

壳聚糖具有优良的乳化性质,利用浊度法和激光光散射技术测定了壳聚糖的乳化活力和乳状液的稳定性,研究了pH值和离子强度对壳聚糖乳化性质的影响,结果表明,pH值和离子强度对壳聚糖的乳化性质都有影响;在pH值3.9~5.9范围内,随着溶液pH值的升高,壳聚糖的乳化活力和乳状液的稳定性均呈增大趋势,在pH值为5.9时达到最大;随着离子强度的增大,壳聚糖的乳化活力先增大后减小,在0.34 mol/L时达到最大,而离子强度对乳状液稳定性没有显著影响。     

水中臭氧溶解特性的研究

系统地研究臭氧在水中的溶解特性和衰减规律,包括温度、pH、水质、臭氧发生器臭氧流量调节对臭氧溶解大小的影响,并研究温度、pH、臭氧初始浓度对臭氧分解快慢的影响,能为臭氧在食品中的应用提供很好的指导意义.     

6种西北地区植物多糖对卷烟主流烟气水分含量及pH的影响

为研究沙棘多糖、蕨麻多糖等6种西北地区植物多糖对卷烟质量的影响,使用气相色谱、电位滴定仪分别测定了添加6种植物多糖烟支样品主流烟气水分含量、pH,并与空白及丙二醇样品进行了比较。结果显示:添加植物多糖可显著提高卷烟主流烟气气相、粒相水分含量。其中添加锁阳多糖烟支样品主流烟气中粒相水分分别较丙二醇及空白样品提高31.3%、44.3%。添加植物多糖可显著降低卷烟主流烟气pH,但降低幅度不大。结果表明,沙棘多糖、蕨麻多糖等西北地区植物多糖可显著降低卷烟主流烟气pH及提高卷烟主流烟气中气相、粒相水分含量。     

乙炔清净废水再利用研究

本文主要是关注乙炔清净废水循环利用的问题,考察了废次钠液温度、新次钠液有效氯含量,以及pH值等因素对新、废次钠液混合的影响。发现废次钠液温度、新次钠液有效氯含量影响甚微,pH值有较大影响。控制pH值在5.5以上,循环利用废次钠液是可行的。