pH值对透明质酸钠溶液溶血性测定的影响

目的探讨pH值对透明质酸钠(HA)溶液溶血性的影响。方法调整0.4%HA溶液的pH值,以1%羊血悬浮液检测溶血性。结果0.4%HA溶液的pH<4时,溶血检测阳性;调整pH 5.5~8.0时,溶血阴性。结论0.4%HA溶液在pH<4时,其溶血性检测结果为假阳性。检测时应将HA溶液的pH调至5.5~8.0。     

Long‐term impact of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on yield,soil nutrients and biochemical parameters of tea

A field experiment was conducted with tea cultivar UPASI‐9 over a period of 9 years to evaluate the long‐term effects of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizers on yield, biochemical parameters, soil and leaf nutrient status. The yield increase was as high as 66% over the control for N application of 450 kg ha^?1 year^?1. Polyphenol and amino acid contents increased with increase in K application rate. Positive and significant correlation was found between nitrate reductase activity and the amino acid content of the tea shoots. While ammoniacal nitrogen in the soil was not affected by the application of fertilizer, ammonium acetate extractable K increased. The failure to apply fertilizer resulted in depletion of the organic matter status of the soil. Although increased rate of nitrogen application increased the overall yield of made tea (kg ha^?1 year^?1), the specific yield (kg kg^?1 N) declined. The soil tended to become acidic from frequent application of high doses of nitrogenous fertilizer. The leaf NK status was significantly influenced by the various treatments. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Nondestructive determination of soluble solids content and pH in tomato juice using NIR transmittance spectroscopy

The potential of near-infrared (NIR) transmittance spectroscopy to nondestructively detect soluble solids content (SSC) and pH in tomato juices was investigated. A total of 200 tomato juice samples were used for NIR spectroscopy analysis at 800–2400 nm using an FT-NIR spectrometer. Multiplicative signal correction (MSC), and the first and second derivative were applied for pre-processing spectral data. The relationship between SSC, pH, and FT-NIR spectra of tomato juice were analyzed via partial least-squares (PLS) regression. PLS regression models were able to predict SSC and pH in tomato juices. The r _c, RMSEC, RMSEP, and RMSECV for SSC were 0.92, 0.0703°Brix, 0.150°Brix, and 0.138°Brix, respectively, whereas those values for pH were 0.90, 0.0333, 0.0316, and 0.0489, respectively. It is concluded that the combination of NIR transmittance spectroscopy and PLS methods can be used to provide a technique of convenient, versatile, and rapid analysis for SSC and pH in tomato juices.     

海藻酸钠-微晶纤维素在SETR中包埋纳豆芽孢杆菌的固定化研究

目的 考察海藻酸钠-微晶纤维素在新型软弹式反应器(soft elastic tubular reactor, SETR)中对菌株的包埋作用。方法 使用海藻酸钠(sodium alginate, SA)与微晶纤维素(microcrystalline cellulose, MC)制成海藻酸钠-微晶纤维素水凝胶(microcrystalline cellulose/sodium alginate microcapsule, SA-MC)并包埋纳豆芽孢杆菌, 以光学显微镜形态、微球直径为指标, 单因素法优化SA与MC的配比和包埋时间; 并对优化好的SA-MC进行pH溶胀实验; 应用24 r/min的挤压频率进行发酵, 观察SA-MC在该过程中对pH的影响。结果 SA与MC以1:3的比例混合, 包埋时间1 h效果最佳; SA-MC对pH的响应并不敏感, 可用于发酵环境对菌株的包埋和保护; 与空白相比, SA-MC在SETR发酵环境中对pH有缓冲效果。结论 在SETR环境中SA-MC包埋纳豆芽孢杆菌表现较好的包埋作用。后续将进一步优化包埋材料的配方, 并对不同发酵参数的影响规律进行深入研究。本研究为天然材料包埋益生菌, 并旨在为SETR的应用推广提供理论支持。     

Casein glycomacropeptide pH-driven self-assembly and gelation upon heating

Casein glycomacropeptide (CMP) found in cheese whey is a C-terminal hydrophilic glycopeptide released from κ-casein by the action of chymosin during cheese making. In a previous work a self-assembly model for CMP at room temperature was proposed, involving a first step of hydrophobic assembly followed by a second step of electrostatic interactions which occurs below pH 4.5. The objective of the present work was to study, by dynamic light scattering (DLS), the effect of heating (35–85 °C) on the pH-driven CMP self-assembly and its impact on the dynamics of CMP gelation. The concentration of CMP was 3% w/w for DLS and 12% w/w for rheological measurements. The solutions at pH 4.5 and 6.5 did not show any change in the particle size distributions upon heating. In contrast the solutions at pH lower than 4.5 that showed electrostatic self-assembly at room temperature were affected by heating. The mean diameter of assembled CMP increased by decreasing pH. For all solutions with pH lower than 4.5, the particle size did not change on cooling, suggesting that the assembled CMP forms formed during heating were stable. The gel point determined as G′–G″ crossover, occurred in all systems at 70 °C, but at different times. The rate of self-assembly determined by DLS as well as the rate of gelation increased with increasing temperature and decreasing pH from 4 to 2. Increasing temperature and decreasing pH, the first step of CMP self-assembly by hydrophobic interactions is speed out. All the self-assembled structures and the gels formed at different temperatures were pH-reversible but did not revert to the initial size (monomer) but to associated forms that correspond mainly to CMP dimers.     

食品着色剂诱惑红在不同pH值介质中吸光度变化的研究

食品着色剂诱惑红（AlluraRed）是七十年代美国经过严格毒理学研究及安全性评估后推出的一种毒性小、安全性高、色光鲜艳，已在世界各国批准使用并将逐渐取代其他红色谱食用合成色素的食品、药品、化妆品着色剂新品种。在食品、药品、化妆品、饲料、玩具等行业中有越来越大的用途。本文研究了诱惑红在不同pH值介质中的吸光度的变化，其结果有助于着色剂诱惑红在各领域中的更广泛应用。     

Initial pH influences in-batch hydrogen production from scotta permeate

We studied the influence of initial pH on hydrogen (H₂) production using permeate from scotta (a partially deproteinized cheese whey from ricotta production) as substrate (51 g L^?1 lactose). Dark fermentation was carried out at 35 °C in laboratory batch reactors, in an unbuffered system. Hydrogen production and metabolite (volatile fatty acids, ethanol, and lactic acid) evolution during a 96-h period were monitored in reactors with initial pH varying in the range 4–10. In all reactors, H₂ production started only when pH fell below 6. However, it was much higher (+31%) in the reactors with initial alkaline pH. We conclude that H₂ production occurs only at acidic pH values, but initial alkaline pH values increase the overall H₂ production in dark fermentation of lactose-rich substrates.     

4-羟基吡啶盐酸盐的表征

在合成4-羟基-3-硝基吡啶(HNP)的过程中发现市场上供应的一种4-羟基吡啶(C)仅含78%4-羟基吡啶(HP),含氯量14.4%。在遇到浓硫酸时放出氯化氢气体,怀疑(C)是HP的盐酸盐。为了证实,制备了HP的两种盐酸盐HP.HCl(A)和(HP)2.HCl.H2O(B),分析了它们的组成,用X-射线粉末衍射谱,熔点和水溶液的pH值作为参数进行表征。据此,证实了(C)就是(B)。在此基础上修改了HNP的合成工艺得到了高于文献报道的纯度和收率。     

50L自控式发酵罐中ε-聚赖氨酸发酵条件的优化

在50L自控式发酵罐上进行了ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)发酵条件的优化研究,主要考察了分批发酵和补料分批发酵过程中pH、搅拌转速对ε-PL发酵和菌体生长的影响。结果表明,当控制pH在5.0以上时有利于菌体的生长,但ε-PL基本不合成,甚至出现降解现象;当维持pH在4.0左右时,能促进ε-PL的合成。搅拌转速为300 r/min时,有利于溶氧和传质,400r/min时,由于剪切力过大,导致菌丝断裂,ε-PL产量下降。通过控制发酵中后期pH4.0和搅拌转速300r/min的pH反馈控制自动流加补料培养,可获得最大的ε-PL产量7.36g/L,产率0.072g/g,产量较优化前提高近10倍,产率提高2倍。     

猪腿纤维蛋白的热致胶凝与功能性质(英文)

本实验探讨了蛋白浓度和 pH 值对猪腿纤维蛋白的溶解度、凝胶强度、蒸煮失重以及热致胶凝性质的影响。在 0.6mol/L、pH6.0 的 NaCl 溶液中,纤维蛋白的胶凝性最强,凝胶强度随着蛋白浓度的增加而增加。然而,蛋白浓度的增加对蒸煮失重和蛋白质溶解度产生不利影响。猪腿纤维蛋白在 4℃贮存一段时间后,其溶解度有所增加。实验结果表明:pH 值对猪腿纤维蛋白的溶解度、凝胶强度、蒸煮失重和粘弹性都有一定的影响。在 pH6.0 时,蛋白的凝胶强度最大,而在 pH7.0 时,蛋白溶解度最大,蒸煮失重最小。