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81.
Effect of hydrogen enrichment and TiO2 nanoparticles on waste cooking palm biodiesel run CRDI engine
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2023,48(75):29391-29402
In this study, we deal with the production and utilization of waste-cooking palm biodiesel (WCB) and.evaluated the influence of the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in hydrogen-enriched single-cylinder CRDI diesel engine. XRD, SEM, and EDX decide the structure and morphology of TiO2 nanoparticles. The TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in the tested fuels at a dosage of 50–75 ppm with the aid of ultra-sonication. Based on the oxidation stability study, the B20 + 75 ppm (TiO2) fuel blend is the pilot fuel for the engine test. Further, the engine is enriched with a hydrogen (H2) flow of 10 lpm. Results revealed that the performance parameters were improved with the addition of H2 enrichment and TiO2 nanoparticles compared to D. The brake thermal efficiency of the engine was improved by 8.21%. In comparison, brake-specific fuel consumption decreased by 42.86%. Furthermore, adding nanoparticles also reduced CO and HC emissions by 74% and 27.27%, respectively, whereas the NOx emission was slightly increased. Thus, the findings demonstrated that hydrogen-enriched nanoparticles added to biodiesel might be considered a substitute for fossil fuels and report a positive impact on diesel engine performance without requiring significant modifications. 相似文献
82.
Syafinaz Zainol Mahiran Basri Hamidon Bin Basri Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin Siti Salwa Abdul-Gani Roghayeh Abedi Karjiban Emilia Abdul-Malek 《International journal of molecular sciences》2012,13(10):13049-13064
Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to investigate the influence of the main emulsion composition; mixture of palm and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil (6%–12% w/w), lecithin (1%–3% w/w), and Cremophor EL (0.5%–1.5% w/w) as well as the preparation method; addition rate (2–20 mL/min), on the physicochemical properties of palm-based nanoemulsions. The response variables were the three main emulsion properties; particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index. Optimization of the four independent variables was carried out to obtain an optimum level palm-based nanoemulsion with desirable characteristics. The response surface analysis showed that the variation in the three responses could be depicted as a quadratic function of the main composition of the emulsion and the preparation method. The experimental data could be fitted sufficiently well into a second-order polynomial model. The optimized formulation was stable for six months at 4 °C. 相似文献
83.
Karina Cardoso Tramonte João Gustavo Provesi Iolanda Moreira Dutra Albuquerque E Silva Aureanna Nairne Negrão Murakami Marcelo Maraschin Renata Dias De Mello Castanho Amboni Edna Regina Amante 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2011,46(9):1871-1877
The heart of palm is a food extracted from several species of palm trees. Only 10–20% of the raw material is transformed into canned hearts of palm, therefore this agro‐industry generates a large quantity of solid residue. The aim of this work was to extract and characterise a juice produced from this solid residue. This extract is compared with the traditional fruit juices (orange and pineapple juices), obtaining higher contents of minerals, such as magnesium (22.80 mg/100 g) and potassium (276.90 mg/100 g), phenolic compounds (gallic, 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, syringic and caffeic acids) and high free radical scavenging capacity (expressed as 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl), which suggest high antioxidant activity. Additionally, a new soft drink was formulated using this king palm juice as its main ingredient. The soft drink samples formulated with this juice had high sensory acceptability and high intention of consumption, which suggests an important and low‐cost application for this industrial residue. 相似文献
84.
Blanca Estela Enríquez‐Fernández Liliana Álvarez de la Cadena y Yañez María Elena Sosa‐Morales 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2011,46(6):1231-1237
Stability of palm olein (PO) and a blend 50% palm olein/50% canola oil (POC) during deep‐fat frying at 180 °C of French fries (FF) or chicken nuggets (CN) was studied through the determination of physical and chemical parameters in the fresh and used oils. Degradation at the end of the study resulted in total polar compounds of 12–13.5% for PO and 11.5–14.5% for POC and viscosity of 65–123.3 cP for PO and 63–72.8 cP for POC. Lower peroxide values (5.33–6.32) were obtained for the blend (PO had 5.21–8.55). Food type affected colour parameters and p‐anisidine value of the oils. For CN, the lowest fat content and higher hardness were obtained when they were fried in PO. CN caused a faster deterioration in the oils, in comparison with FF, especially in POC. Gas chromatography allowed to observe differences in fatty acids composition for both used oils. 相似文献
85.
Ilaria Ferrari Cristina Alamprese Manuela Mariotti Mara Lucisano Margherita Rossi 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2013,48(3):468-476
The influence of fat quantity and composition on the characteristics of a chemically leavened baked product was investigated, applying a central composite design combined with response surface methodology. Fats were blends of palm oil and palm olein with different slip melting points (from 36.3 to 11.3 °C, in dependence of increasing olein content). Fat content (from 5.3% to 30.7% on batter) and percentage of olein in the fat blend (from 42.7% to 92.2%) were varied. The increase of fat quantity enhanced cake softness, while lowering the volume; higher olein contents also decreased cake firmness. An optimised formulation containing 19.7% fat with 92% olein in the fat blend and showing good structural properties, comparable to those of a 18% butter reference cake, was identified. The optimised and the butter cake showed specific volume of 2.25 and 2.23 cm3 g?1, respectively, and load at 25% strain of 7.68 and 5.63 N. These results demonstrated the possibility to replace butter with a liquid vegetable fat blend, thus increasing unsaturated fat content and reducing total cholesterol in the product. 相似文献
86.
The feasibility of a direct internal reforming (DIR) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) running on wet palm‐biodiesel fuel (BDF) was demonstrated. Simultaneous production of H2‐rich syngas and electricity from BDF could be achieved. A power density of 0.32 W cm?2 was obtained at 0.4 A cm?2 and 800 °C under steam to carbon ratio of 3.5. Subsequent durability testing revealed that a DIR‐SOFC running on wet palm‐BDF exhibited a stable voltage of around 0.8 V at 0.2 A cm?2 for more than 1 month with a degradation rate of approximately 15 % / 1000 h. The main cause of the degradation was an increase in the ohmic resistance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
87.
Mohammad S. S. Tavakolian Florina A. Silaghi Angelo Fabbri Giovanni Molari Alessandro Giunchi Adriano Guarnieri 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2013,48(6):1282-1288
The world production of dates has more than doubled over the last two decades. Presently, the industrial sorting of dates is a difficult operation, affected by a high level of losses. As a consequence, the objective of this article is to study the variety discrimination capabilities of Fourier Transform‐Near Infrared (FT‐NIR) reflectance spectroscopy for post‐harvest sorting purposes. The same methodology was tested on six commercial date varieties named Estamaran, Kabkab, Mazafati, Piarom, Deglet nour and Zahedi. For each cultivar, 100 fruits were analysed using the FT‐NIR spectrometer, subsequently characterised by destructive measurements. A multivariate analysis of the FT‐NIR spectra appears a feasible tool for cultivar discrimination and even to estimate the soluble solid content (SSC) and dry matter (DM) of dates at their optimal harvesting conditions. FT‐NIR, as a non‐destructive techniques, could be a suitable way for on‐line screening of different dates varieties. 相似文献
88.
Continuous production of palm methyl esters 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A system for continuous transesterification of palm oil was developed using a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) and pumps
for continuous delivery of oil and catalyst and for continuous removal of product. Potassium hydroxide was used as the catalyst,
the methanol-to-oil molar ratio was 6∶1, and reaction temperature was 60°C. The yield of methyl esters increased from 58.8%
of theoretical yield at a residence time of 40 min to 97.3% at a residence time of 60 min. However, higher residence times
decreased the production rate. During long-term continuous operation, the CSTR displayed steady state conditions in terms
of product profile and methyl ester concentration. This process has good potential in the manufacture of biodiesel. 相似文献
89.
Yuen-May Choo Kay-Eng Ooi Ing-Hong Ooi 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(8):911-913
Metathesis of ethyl oleate, catalyzed by WCl6 and SnMe4, provided diethyl 9-octadecenedioate (the desired starting material for the synthesis of civetone) in 99% yield. Dieckmann
condensation of diethyl 9-octadecenedioate gave 2-ethoxycarbonyl-9-cycloheptadecenone (63% yield), the hydrolysis-decarboxylation
reaction of which yielded civetone (93%). Identification of all products was by1H nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and mass spectroscopic data. This is the first report of the synthesis of civetone
from palm oil-derived products. 相似文献
90.
In designing a network of heat exchangers for the recovery of waste heat, there is usually a'pinch' at which the minimum approach temperature difference limits energy recovery. Pinch technology emphasizes the importance of utility targets, which are independent of the network design, and so allow a very useful comparison with the utility requirements of actual networks. The design of a heat recovery network of exchangers used in palm oil refining has been examined using such pinch technology targeting procedures. The network was found to be well designed for the situation where steam is a cheaper utility than hot oil. As this was not the case, improved networks were designed. These allowed a significant reduction in heat exchanger surface area for the same energy consumption, or a 25% reduction in energy consumption for a modest increase in network area of about 10%. 相似文献