连体热机-热泵用于烧碱蒸发工艺的探讨

根据连体热机-热泵的增压比和引射系数较高的特点,将其用于烧碱溶液的并联分体式热泵蒸发工艺中,适当改变工艺参数后,采用尽可能小的蒸汽增压比以提高热泵的引射系数,可取得节能28%以上的显著效果,对于利用现有装置进行扩能改造更为有利。     

化学法传热强化技术在烧碱蒸发过程的应用前景

讨论了烧碱溶液蒸发结垢、传热效率低、蒸发冷凝液带碱的原因。介绍了化学法传热 强化技术的理论基础。详细介绍了YH-1蒸发促进剂的特点、工业应用情况和前景。     

烧碱溶液并列组合式热泵蒸发工艺研究

通过对烧碱溶液热泵蒸发工艺的研究 ,提出了一种用驱动蒸汽将热泵效二次蒸汽全部用热泵增压后同时供给热泵效和第一效蒸发器作加热蒸汽的并列组合式工艺。该工艺的热泵效由于可以在较低的浓度下操作 ,可以适当地改变工艺参数 ,采用尽可能小的蒸汽增压比以提高热泵的引射系数 ,可取得节能 1 5 %以上的显著效果。     

气相缓蚀剂研究进展

阐述了气相缓蚀剂的作用原理，概要介绍了常用缓蚀剂的类型、特点、缓蚀性能、应用领域和使用前景，并对这些缓蚀剂的使用形式及评价方法进行了归纳总结，对气相缓蚀今后的发展趋势进行了综述。     

可生物降解聚乳酸纳米粒的制备及表征

采用乳化 -溶剂蒸发法 ( O/W)制备聚乳酸 ( PLA)纳米粒 ,用透射电子显微镜和激光粒度仪对纳米粒进行了表征 ,纳米粒具有规整的球形且正态分布 ,同时从有机相和水相的体积比、聚合物的浓度、表面活性剂的选择及表面活性剂的浓度等几个因素对纳米粒粒径大小的影响作了较详细地讨论。有机相与水相的体积比从 1∶ 3减小到 1∶ 30 ,纳米粒的粒径从 ( 30 6.2 + 1 1 ) nm减小到( 1 87.1 + 2 .4) nm;聚合物在有机相的浓度从 1 %(质量分数 )增加到 5 %(质量分数 ) ,纳米粒的粒径从 1 94nm增加到 32 1 nm;随着水相中表面活性剂浓度从 0 .5 (质量体积分数 )增大到 3.5 %(质量体积分数 ) ,纳米粒粒径从 2 0 2 nm减小 1 78nm且有一个低的多分散指数。而且还比较了搅拌蒸发法和减压抽提法对纳米粒表面形态的影响     

Experimental and computational design tools for industrial drying processes: Challenges in process-limit prediction

The coating and drying of inks and slurries are important steps to manufacture a plethora of products. Drying processes, particularly, comprise energy-intensive steps that affect product cost and quality. Prior work has highlighted failures of various multicomponent diffusivity models to conserve mass in dryer modeling and challenges in predicting process limits given variability in published values of key thermodynamic parameters. Herein, we develop a computational model and benchtop drying experiments to investigate these concerns for drying polymer-laden coatings. Model predictions of process limits in a single-zone drying oven demonstrate that published variability in Flory–Huggins parameter yields large variations in predicted operating temperatures above which blistering occurs. This indicates that caution should be exercised when choosing approaches to obtain or predict the Flory–Huggins parameter, and that both benchtop drying experiments and a set of additional experiments, such as sorption experiments, are needed to fully characterize and optimize a given drying process.     

Solubility of sodium oxalate in kraft black liquors below 100°C

Precipitation of sodium salts from kraft black liquor leads to scale formation in the evaporation plants of kraft pulp mills. Sodium oxalate scaling is most prevalent in mills pulping tropical hardwoods such as eucalyptus and acacia, but it has also been found in the scales in high solids lines after the concentrators in mills pulping softwoods. There is very limited solubility data for sodium oxalate in black liquor, especially below 100°C. This study measures the solubility limit in four different black liquors from 14% to 47% dry solids between 50 and 90°C. The newly generated solubility data in black liquors enhance our understanding of sodium oxalate scale formation in low solids effects of the evaporation plant. An example of an application to a kraft pulp mill with sodium oxalate scaling in the seventh effect is given.     

热敏染料废水处理技术

热敏染料生产废水是典型的高COD、高盐分、难降解精细化工废水,普通的物化-生化处理工艺无法实现达标排放的目标。该文以山东某精细化工厂热敏染料废水为研究对象,首先对不同水质的废水分别采用蒸发脱盐、混凝沉淀、中和沉淀等方法进行预处理,然后将预处理过的废水与其它一些不需要预处理的废水按比例混合在一起进行生化处理,最后再用Fenton试剂氧化法对二级生化出水进行后处理,以实现达标排放的目标。试验结果表明,物化预处理、生化处理和Fenton试剂氧化后处理组合工艺处理热敏染料废水是可行的,最终出水COD低于排放限值。     

30万t／a粒碱装置运行总结

介绍了粒碱生产工艺流程及试车运行情况,对装置运行中存在的问题进行了分析并提出了改进措施。     

氨水溶液降膜蒸发实验

发生器和吸收器的传热性能是影响制冷机组和双工质发电机组做功效率的关键因素,为了提高中低温地热（余热）在热泵机组和地热双工质发电系统中的利用效率,本文选用50%和60%的氨水溶液作为循环工质,对约6 m长的竖管降膜蒸发器的传热特性进行实验研究,分别讨论喷淋密度和热水温度对垂直降膜蒸发器的传热系数、氨蒸气量和蒸发压力的影响。结果表明,降膜蒸发器的传热系数和氨蒸气量随喷淋密度的增加先增大后减小,传热系数和蒸发压力随着热源温度的增大而增加;50%和60%的氨水溶液喷淋密度最佳值分别在0.2200～0.2500 kg/(m·s)和0.2600～0.2900 kg/(m·s);传热系数和热源温度呈线性关系。氨水溶液的实验传热系数明显高于现有文献中水的实验传热系数,通过两种不同浓度的溶液对比发现,60%的氨水溶液传热性能明显优于50%的氨水溶液。