关于低浓度复肥装置生产高浓度复肥的探讨

阐述低浓度复肥与高浓度复肥成粒的不同特点。探讨用圆盘造粒机生产低浓度复肥 ,只要注意调整物料配方 ,保持 40 %粘性物料的比例 ,串联 1台圆盘造粒机 ,生产高浓度复肥是可行的 ,不必采用转鼓造粒     

Span 60 as a Microsphere Matrix: Preparation and in Vitro Characterization of Novel Ibuprofen-Span 60 Microspheres

Microspheres are a potential delivery system for controlled and sustained drug release. Polymeric microspheres are commonly prepared by the solvent evaporation technique whereas waxy microspheres by the melt dispersion technique. The goal of this study was to prepare a surfactant (Span 60)—Ibuprofen microspheres using both techniques. Ibuprofen‐Span 60 microspheres were fabricated with different drug to polymer weight ratios of 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 and characterized by particle size, in vitro dissolution, infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The actual drug content increased with increasing the concentration of anti‐aggregating agent (polyvinylpyrolidone). The actual drug content and drug encapsulation efficiency was markedly higher in case of microspheres prepared by a solvent evaporation technique compared to that prepared by a melt dispersion one using the same theoretical drug content. The microspheres were spherical with irregular surfaces. The in vitro release showed no burst effect and incomplete drug release. The rate and total drug released from the microspheres prepared by a solvent evaporation technique are higher than those prepared by using the melt dispersion technique. FTIR rolled out the chemical changes of the drug in Span 60 microspheres. The X‐ray diffraction pattern of the microspheres prepared by using a solvent evaporation technique showed a decrease in the drug crystallinity. The drug crystallinity in microspheres prepared by the melt dispersion technique decreased with increasing the theoretical drug content. The drug entrapment mechanism is responsible for the changes in drug physicochemical properties and in vitro release.     

腈纶生产装置中五效蒸发系统的建模、预报和自校正控制器

本文建立了腈纶生产装置的两个关键系统的数学模型。在此基础上设计了它们的自校正预报器(STP)和自校正控制器(STC)。这种STP?对预报误差在2％以内。而STC的实施也达到节能和提高产品质量的目的。     

超长重力热管传热性能实验研究

用于干热岩热能开采的增强型地热系统存在投资高、风险大、工质漏损、设备腐蚀、地面沉降等问题,利用超长重力热管进行地热开采可以有效规避这些问题。搭建了超长重力热管实验平台,实验研究了超长重力热管的适宜充液量、运行的稳定性和不同冷却水流量下的传热性能并分析了其可能的原因;研究表明在恒定加热功率下,热管的合适充液量为蒸发容积的40%左右,在运行期间,与传统短热管相比,超长热管展现出了强烈的振荡性,振荡频率与加热功率和充液量息息相关;在恒定加热功率下,随着冷却水流量的增加,热管采出功率先增加后逐渐趋于平缓。此外,特别探讨了热管在极端充液量下的传热性能,研究表明在极端充液量下,热管底部形成一定高度的气柱,由于气柱的持续存在导致热量无法传递到热管顶端。实验结果初步证实了超长重力热管在开采干热岩热能上的可行性,为下一步的实际应用提供了基础支持。     

AlCl3–FeCl3–HCl–H2O体系的相平衡及相分离

为从含铝铁粉煤灰酸浸液中提取高纯AlCl3?6H2O,在温度20和30℃下采用等温溶解平衡法测定了H+浓度1.3 mol/L的AlCl3–FeCl3–HCl–H2O体系的相平衡数据,绘制了该体系的相图和密度?组成图,根据相图分析了酸浸液等温蒸发的路径。结果表明,20和30℃下该体系均属于简单共饱和体系,不产生复盐和固溶体。随温度升高,FeCl3的溶解度由43.59%增大至49.34%,AlCl3的溶解度约稳定在30.70%,且FeCl3?6H2O的结晶区减小、AlCl3?6H2O的结晶区相对增大。从模拟铝铁酸浸液中直接分离出了纯度为96.61%的AlCl3?6H2O。     

环己烷氧化废碱液先进蒸发技术的开发与应用

环己烷氧化废碱液的治理是环己酮行业面临的世界性难题 ,中国石化集团鹰山石化厂研究所独创研制出YH - 1环己烷氧化废碱液蒸发促进剂 ,并开发成功环己烷氧化废碱液先进蒸发技术。该技术在鹰山石化厂环己酮装置成功应用 ,圆满解决了环己烷氧化废碱液的蒸发浓缩难题 ,取得了良好的经济效益和环保效益     

水分蒸发抑制剂的实验研究

本研究是利用人们对表面活性剂分子结构研究的成果 ,并以单分子表面膜理论为基础 ,对高级脂肪醇抑制水分蒸发效果做了较细致的研究。讨论了乳液粒度、醇链长度、混合表面活性剂以及温度对抑制效果的影响     

提高蒸发强度 降低蒸汽耗量

介绍了四川自贡鸿鹤化工股份公司为满足烧碱产能13．5万t／a的要求。采用高真空组合技术。使无填料喷雾冷却塔在蒸发系统中得到成功应用。     

转炉蒸发冷却器换热效率数值模拟

基于国内某钢厂65 t转炉蒸发冷却器运行参数,采用CFD方法的离散相模型模拟了蒸发冷却器内雾化液滴与高温烟气间的换热效率,考察了单个液滴粒径、雾化液滴粒径分布对换热效率的影响。结果表明,模拟结果与实际运行参数吻合较好,计算的出口温度为468 K,实际为483 K,相对误差为3.1%,模型可靠。粒径小于300 μm的雾滴均能在0.62 s内蒸发完全,不同粒径的雾滴完全蒸发所需时间最高相差20多倍。液滴与高温烟气的换热效率受粒径分布影响较大,中位粒径d50=340 ?m和d50=95 ?m的雾滴在同一截面的平均温度可相差70 K。烟气温度下降先快后慢,最后趋于平稳,烟气主要降温区域为喷嘴下游3.5 m内。     

Synthesis of Pt Nanowires Inside Aerosol Derived Spherical Mesoporous Silica Particles

Spherical mesoporous silica particles prepared by evaporation induced self assembly (EISA) were used as templates to form Pt nanowires. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of these aerosol-derived silica particles reveal hexagonally ordered pores coiled within each particle, with no obvious termination of the pores on the external surface. Near the particle surface the pores are seen to run parallel to the surface, consistent with the external constraint of spherical geometry. For MCM-41 type mesoporous materials, the pores are straight and accessible at either end for pore filling, but for spherical silica particles prepared by EISA, the pores are not open to the external surface. Hence it is remarkable that Pt nanowires can be formed within the closed pores inside these spherical silica particles, where conventional mechanisms of pore filling would not be expected to be operative. These results suggest that the silica walls in these mesoporous silica allow transport of volatile Pt complexes during wet reduction in H₂. The permeability to gases makes these spherical silica particles especially suitable for gas phase catalytic reactions, while at the same time confining metallic particles within the silica pores.