Sensory analysis of lipstick

Sensory analysis of lipstick product by trained panellists started with recruiting female panels who are lipstick users, in good health condition and willing to be a part of sensory members. This group of people was further scrutinized with duo-trio method using commercial lipstick samples that are commonly used among them. About 40% of the 15 panels recruited were unable to differentiate the lipstick samples they usually use better than chance. The balance of nine panels that were corrected at least with 65% across all trials in panels screening process was formed a working group to develop sensory languages as a means of describing product similarities and differences and a scoring system. Five sessions with each session took about 90 min were carried out using 10 types of lipsticks with different waxes mixture ratio in the formulation together with six commercial lipsticks that are the most common to the panels. First session was focus on listing out the panels' perception towards the characteristic of the lipstick samples after normal application on their lips. Second session was focus on the refining and categorizing the responses gathered from the first session and translated into sensory attributes with its definition. Third session was focus on the scoring system. Fourth and fifth sessions were repetition of the third session to ensure consistency. In a collective effort of the panels, sensory attributes developed for lipstick were Spreadability, Off flavour, Hardness, Smoothness, Moist, Not messy, Glossy and Greasy. Analysis of variance was able to provide ample evidence on gauging the panel performance. A proper panels selecting and training was able to produce a reliable and sensitive trained panel for evaluating the product based on the procedures being trained.     

带双压料机构的侧围外板侧整形模具设计

侧围外板是汽车的核心外覆盖件,其特点是形状复杂、工序内容繁多且零件的表面质量和尺寸精度要求较高.通过侧围外板的冲压工艺方案分析,提出一种带双压料的侧整形工艺和结构,可以有效解决整形起皱和回弹,同时达到保证A面质量的目的.重点介绍了侧围整形模结构、双压料侧整形机构的设计要点及工作原理,完成了侧围外板紧凑合理的侧整形模具结构设计.实际生产表明,该侧整形模具可有效解决整形起皱、回弹难题,提高零件成形质量,提升A面品质,缩短调试周期,降低工装开发成本.     

受压夹层板的失效模式分析及优化设计

以减轻重量为目标,以不出现各种失效模式为约束条件,应用序列二次规划法对受压夹层板的尺寸以及金属泡沫的相对密度进行了优化设计。考虑了剪切对屈曲的影响和金属泡沫弹性模量与相对密度之间的非线性关系,对金属泡沫和波纹夹层板的失效模式进行分析。同时设计两种截面形状,得到具有更高承载能力的夹层板。最后对各种截面形状夹层板的承载能力进行比较。结果表明:通过优化截面尺寸和金属泡沫的相对密度可以提高夹层板的承载能力;对于受压金属泡沫夹层板最优相对密度为0.03689;对于波纹夹层板更优的截面是改进后的帽形加筋板的截面。     

直下式LED平板灯的均匀照明设计

针对超薄LED 平板灯导光板价格昂贵以及传统直下 式LED 平板灯厚度厚和LED 数量多等 问题,设 计了新型直下式LED 平板灯。基于边缘光线理论,对光源和目标面进行网格划分并形成映射 关系,由Snell 公式推导出内外自由曲面的微分方程,采用迭代法计算出内外自由曲面数据,设计实现适用 于直下式LED 平板灯的大角度二次光学透镜。研究表明:双自由曲面大角度透镜可实现对LED 150°的大角度配光,其照 度均匀度为0.86,且能量利用率为99.5%。在 不同厚度下,利用大角度二次光学透镜的LED单元阵列距高 比(D/H)约等于3时,目标面上的照度均匀度均达到0.88以上。通过对新型直下式LED平板灯照明效果 进行模拟,结果完全满足国家建筑照明设计标准,且LED的使用数量为相同功率下传统直下 式LED平板灯的30%,减小了20mm的厚度,大 大降低了LED平板灯的生产成本。     

冲击载荷下加筋板的结构分析及优化选择

研究冲击载荷作用下加筋板架的动态响应对于深入理解相关摇摆台的耐撞性设计具有重要的指导意义。应用数值仿真的方法对4种典型加筋板架进行分析计算,得到不同加筋情形下板架的动态响应特征,并从变形趋势、应力、应变三个方面进行对比分析,进而选择出了较好的方案。     

TP玻璃切割工艺研究

介绍了触摸屏生产中TP玻璃切割的工艺过程和切割原理。分析了影响TP玻璃切割质量的因素包括刀轮的材质、齿形、齿数、角度和切割压力,制订了切割0.7 mm厚的TP玻璃的工艺方案。通过在显微镜下观察切割断面的质量并进行抗静压实验,验证了该方案得正确性。最后,针对切割过程中常见的质量缺陷,给出了相应的解决对策。     

Identifying local determinants of destination choices of international immigrants to the Madrid metropolitan area

We examine the local determinants of destination choices of foreign immigrants to the Madrid metro area using data for 2005 and 2009 from the Spanish annual municipal‐level registers of inhabitants. Taking advantage of the equivalence relation between conditional logit and Poisson, we estimate a location‐choice model using the Poisson fixed‐effects estimator. Origin‐destination fixed effects are incorporated to account for the persistent spatial structure of the immigrants' settlement patterns and to control for potential violations of the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) assumption. The Poisson regression model is estimated for seven different groups of immigrants according to world regions or countries of origin. Our modelling strategy has important empirical implications, with magnitudes and/or signs of the estimated coefficients changing in the expected directions. It is found that newly arriving immigrants tend to settle in low‐to‐middle‐income locations in the suburban reaches of the Madrid metro area. Moreover, the effects of the size of local communities of established immigrants are found to be insignificant and even negative in several instances, reflecting hetero‐local settlement preferences and/or the saturation of local networks causing in‐group job rivalry, respectively.     

Design of moiré-free metal meshes using ray tracing for touch screen panels

Using a ray tracing technique, we investigate the dependence of the moiré effect on the crossing angles between touch screen panels (TSPs) and display panels, the metal grid structures (spacing and width), and metal grid shapes (non-uniform and random grids). Of those design parameters, adjusting the crossing angle (∼45°), reducing the grid width (∼1 μm), and employing a random grid in the shape of irregular hexagon are found to suppress the moiré phenomenon to a great extent. We also provide the simulation scheme that can capture the moiré patterns observed experimentally and useful design guidelines for metal grids.     

Inrush Current Parameters Associated with Back-to-Back Switching of Capacitors in a Bank

Back-to-back switching of 50 kVAr capacitors, in a capacitor bank of 200 kVAr is investigated experimentally. The switching inrush currents in a three-phase, 200 kVAr, 415 V Automatic Power Factor Correction panel at power frequency are captured in the laboratory. The characterizing features of inrush current are reported and analyzed. The commercially available two makes of switches (contactors) are used to compare the inrush currents with and without their pre-insertion resistors (PIR). The inrush current scenario of the experimental setup is modeled in EMTDC/PSCAD to ascertain the results. The ratio I_peak/I_N for both the contactors without PIR exceeded the limit mentioned in IEC 60831-1 Ed 3.0 : 2014.     

基于CGA网格法分析避免车门内板成形中暗伤缺陷的产生

针对车门内板的暗伤缺陷,在分析材料性能的基础上,基于CGA网格试验法分析了暗伤产生的原因,根据零件不同位置的暗伤提出了不同的改进措施。实际生产表明,基于网格试验法提出的调试方案有效可行,提高了零件成形的安全裕度,保证了现场生产正常进行。