Strength, durability and micro-structural aspects of high performance volcanic ash concrete

This paper presents the results of investigations to assess the suitability of using volcanic ash (VA) as a cement replacement material to produce high performance concrete. Tests were conducted on concrete mixtures replacing 0 to 20% by mass of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) by VA. The performance of high performance volcanic ash concrete (HPVAC) mixtures was evaluated by conducting comprehensive series of tests on fresh and hardened properties as well as durability. The mechanical properties were assessed by compressive strength, while durability characteristics were investigated by rapid chloride permeability (RCP), drying shrinkage (DS), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microhardness tests. HPVACs showed better durability properties compared to control concrete with 0% VA. The improved performance of HPVACs was attributed to the refinement of pore structure, and pozzolanic action of VA. HPVAC having a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 60 MPa can be obtained by replacing up to 20% (by mass) of cement by VA. Development of non-expensive and environmentally friendly HPVAC with acceptable strength and durability characteristics (as illustrated in this study) is extremely helpful for the sustainable development and rehabilitation of volcanic disaster areas around the world.     

Influence of compaction on the interfacial transition zone and the permeability of concrete

The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is regarded as a key feature for the transport properties and the durability of concrete. In this study one self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixture and two conventionally vibrated concrete (CVC) mixtures are studied in order to determine the influence of compaction on the porosity of the ITZ. Additionally oxygen permeability and water conductivity were measured in vertical and horizontal direction. The quantitative analysis of images made with an optical microscope and an environmental scanning electron microscope shows a significantly increased porosity and width of the ITZ in CVC compared to SCC. At the same time oxygen permeability and water conductivity of CVC are increased in comparison to SCC. Moreover, considerable differences in the porosity of the lower, lateral and upper ITZ are observed in both types of concrete. The anisotropic distribution of pores in the ITZ does not necessarily cause anisotropy in oxygen permeability and water conductivity though.     

涵闸工程施工期混凝土温度监测系统与水化热参数反演

针对涵闸工程混凝土温控防裂需要,研制了全自动化数字测温系统。该系统的硬件部分由数字式温度传感器、采集单元、GPRS DTU组成,软件部分包括中心服务器软件和客户端软件。系统实现了GPRS公用无线网络覆盖范围内无人值守、多测点远程测量和数据实时共享,具有体积小、无需布线、运行稳定、精度高等特点。经过实际工程多次应用,系统运行稳定可靠,达到预期性能。基于以上系统的测量数据,结合三维非稳定温度场数值计算,对特定工程的水化热参数进行了反演。规范给出普硅42.5水泥水化热参数为m=0.69,n=0.56;而根据实测数据反演的结果为m=1.85,n=0.79。根据两组参数分别进行了三维温度应力计算,得到完全不同的计算结果,前者温度应力未超标,后者多处超标需要采用温控防裂措施才能保证结构防裂安全。因此对实际工程进行温度监测和水化热参数反演是非常必要的。     

大掺量粉煤灰对混凝土渗透性的影响

以粉煤灰代替３０％的水泥，在水胶比为０．３０、０．３３、０．３６及０．３９的情况下，分别试验了用水量及胶凝材料用量变化下混凝土的强度和渗透性。试验结果表明，与不掺粉煤灰的混凝土比较，掺粉煤灰混凝土的渗透性都明显降低，３０天龄期时最大可降低至５０．７％，７０天时可降低至２２．３％；为了获得较低的渗透性而采取较低的水胶比时，不掺粉煤灰的混凝土应用降低用水量的办法有利，掺粉煤灰的混凝土用提高总胶凝材料用量的办法更好     

无伸缩缝混凝土防渗衬砌渠道跳仓浇筑施工技术

现浇混凝土防渗渠道普遍采用设置伸缩缝的方法防止混凝土产生裂缝,而伸缩缝的止水易因老化和长草等遭受破坏,导致渠道渗漏。针对上述弊端提出了无伸缩缝混凝土防渗衬砌渠道的隔板跳仓浇筑施工技术。经过在多个大中型灌区节水项目中推广应用,总结出该施工技术的操作步骤和技术要点,包括基面处理措施,浇筑方法,操作要点,浇筑,振捣、抹面等的质量要求及适用范围。多年的运行实践表明,该技术可明显节约投资、缩短工期、延长使用寿命、有效改善防渗效果,且施工简便、工程质量易于保证等。     

如何解决外加剂与水泥适应性问题初步探索

通过调查研究，综合国内外已有的研究成果，对外加剂与水泥适应性问题进行了研究。研究表明，由于外加剂与水泥相互作用的复杂性，对于不同水泥，外加剂所表现的性能不尽相同。根据国产水泥的性能特点及其与外加剂之间的物理、化学作用，提出减水剂掺量应略高于其饱和点，并根据水泥中C3A含量及含碱量加以适当调整；在适当条件下掺保水剂以减少泌水．改善混凝土工作性能等措施。     

Limestone filler cement in low w/c concrete: A rational use of energy

The effect of limestone filler (up to 20%) on the degree of hydration, the volume of hydration products, and the optimal replacement of limestone filler in cement pastes at different w/cm ratios (0.25-0.50) were investigated by using a quadratic statistical model. The results show an increase in the degree of hydration in very low w/cm ratio paste when the limestone filler content is increased. However, the largest volume of hydration products occurs for high w/cm ratio pastes, for which the available space also increases with the limestone filler content. Finally, for a given cement, the optimum limestone filler content for different w/cm ratios can be obtained by using the gel-space ratio concept.In addition, concrete mixtures (w/cm=0.30 and 0.34) were made to determine the compressive strength. The results have shown that concretes containing limestone filler cements present a small reduction of strength at 28 days improving the hydration of clinker particles in the system. The strength of concrete depends on the gel-space ratio, which takes into account all of the effects produced by limestone filler addition: the increase of the degree of hydration, the dilution, and the increase of the effective w/c ratio.     

Static and dynamic behaviour of recycled tyre rubber-filled concrete

The paper summarises the experimental results of mechanical behaviour under static and dynamic loads of specimens made of concrete filled with small volumetric fractions of crushed tyre rubber and polypropylene short fibres, at 7 and 28 days. The experimental results are compared with results of concrete specimens of similar features without fibres or tyre. The results of a microscopic study (SEM) of the interface cement-rubber fiber are included in order to analyze their compatibility. Compression, indirect tension and bending static tests and compression dynamic tests have been performed. The results of the dynamic tests have been used to calculate the complex modulus and the capacity of this material to dissipate elastic energy due to low-frequency dynamic actions.     

基于云计算的预拌混凝土行业在线质量管理

以实现质量的科学化管理和实时的动态监测为目的,提出了预拌混凝土行业基于云计算的在线质量管理。通过分析预拌混凝土企业包括经营数据和生产实时数据等大量数据的存储、整合、分析、挖掘、利用等方面需求,以云计算为平台,运用人工智能（ AI）相关算法,实现了基于实际生产过程的质量预测,为解决影响混凝土强度及工作性能的多组分因素问题提供了思路和方法。提取云平台上的生产实时数据进行模拟实验,以C35的28天抗压强度为例,用1000组数据对网络进行训练,用100组数据对已训练的网络进行检验,结果证明了预测值的准确性,同时也验证了平台的可行性。