Introduction of a nonlinearity measure for principal component models

Although principal component analysis (PCA) is an important tool in standard multivariate data analysis, little interest has been devoted to assessing whether the underlying relationship within a given variable set can be described by a linear PCA model or whether nonlinear PCA must be utilized. This paper addresses this deficiency by introducing a nonlinearity measure for principal component models. The measure is based on the following two principles: (i) the range of recorded process operation is divided into smaller regions; and (ii) accuracy bounds are determined for the sum of the discarded eigenvalues. If this sum is within the accuracy bounds for each region, the process is assumed to be linear and vice versa. This procedure is automated through the use of cross-validation. Finally, the paper shows the utility of the new nonlinearity measure using two simulation studies and with data from an industrial melter process.     

The Effect of the Estimation on Goodness‐of‐Fit Tests in Time Series Models

Abstract. We analyze, by simulation, the finite‐sample properties of goodness‐of‐fit tests based on residual autocorrelation coefficients (simple and partial) obtained using different estimators frequently used in the analysis of autoregressive moving‐average time‐series models. The estimators considered are unconditional least squares, maximum likelihood and conditional least squares. The results suggest that although the tests based on these estimators are asymptotically equivalent for particular models and parameter values, their sampling properties for samples of the size commonly found in economic applications can differ substantially, because of differences in both finite‐sample estimation efficiencies and residual regeneration methods.     

Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Three Components Including Deoxyschizandrin by Partial Least Squares Regression

1IntroductionWuweizi is a traditional Chinese herb,usually usedto cure cough,asthma,neurasthenic,hepatitisetc.Theactive ingredients in wuweizi are5%-22%lignan,themain components of which include deoxyschizandrin,schizandrin andγ-Schizandrin.Forthe purpos…     

60Si2Mn合金钢发蓝泛红的分析研究

本文探讨了60Si2Mn合金钢发蓝原理，针对其膜层泛红问题，分析了热处理、表面前处理、发蓝及浸油等过程对发蓝质量的影响，由此采取了相应的技术措施，生产实践证明发蓝质量稳定，生产效率明显提高。     

常规施工中不容忽视的几个环节

就毛石砌体的拉接处理、现浇混凝土柱、墙拉结筋的留设、砖混结构中构造柱的质量预控等几个环节进行了分析，提出只有在施工中采取必要的措施，才能保证施工质量。     

防治水泥稳定碎石基层沥青路面裂缝的措施浅析

水泥稳定碎石基层沥青路面裂缝产生的原因复杂 ,但非荷载型裂缝更为主要。防治水泥稳定碎石基层沥青路面的裂缝应该从设计和施工两方面考虑 ,其中由结构、材料组成设计 ,以及施工工艺出发控制水泥稳定碎石基层本身的收缩也是一项重要措施。     

技术攻关提高成材率

介绍了广钢集团高速线材生产线的生产和工艺概况，分析了成材率的影响因素，阐述了技术攻关提高成材率所采取的措施和取得的良好效果及经济效益。     

A direct stiffness analysis of a composite beam with partial interaction

The use of the conventional semi-analytical stiffness method in finite element analysis, in which interpolation polynomials are used to develop the stiffness relationships, leads to problems of curvature locking when beam-type elements are developed for composite members with partial interaction between the materials of which it is comprised. The curvature locking phenomenon that occurs for composite steel–concrete members is quite well reported, and the general approach to minimizing the undesirable ramifications of curvature locking has been to use higher-order polynomials with increasing numbers of internal nodes. This paper presents an alternate formulation based on a direct stiffness approach rather than starting from pre-defined interpolation polynomials, and which does not possess the undesirable locking characteristics. The formulation is based on a more general approach for a bi-material composite flexural member, whose constituent materials are joined by elastic shear connection so as to provide partial interaction. The stiffness relationships are derived, and these are applied to a simply supported and a continuous steel–concrete composite beam to demonstrate the efficacy of the method, and in particular its ability to model accurately both very flexible and very stiff shear connection that causes difficulties when implemented in competitive semi-analytical algorithms. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Using classification techniques for informal requirements in the requirements analysis-supporting system

In order to efficiently develop large-scale and complicated software, it is important for system engineers to correctly understand users’ requirements. Most requirements in large-scale projects are collected from various stakeholders located in various regions, and they are generally written in natural language. Therefore, the initial collected requirements must be classified into various topics prior to analysis phases in order to be usable as input in several requirements analysis methods. If this classification process is manually done by analysts, it becomes a time-consuming task. To solve this problem, we propose a new bootstrapping method which can automatically classify requirements sentences into each topic category using only topic words as the representative of the analysts’ views. The proposed method is verified through experiments using two requirements data sets: one written in English and the other in Korean. The significant performances were achieved in the experiments: the 84.28 and 87.91 F1 scores for the English and Korean data sets, respectively. As a result, the proposed method can provide an effective function for an Internet-based requirements analysis-supporting system so as to efficiently gather and analyze requirements from various and distributed stakeholders by using the Internet.     

街面水电站混凝土面板堆石坝主要技术问题探讨

街面水电站拦河坝为混凝土面板堆石坝,在面板止水结构型式、面板防裂措施、上游面的施工方法、趾板开挖处理及趾板灌浆等方面,根据工程实际情况,结合国内外的新技术新工艺进行了探讨。