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61.
Results are provided for an experimental study of forming trajectories during drilling and the effect on them of cutting speed
and drilling depth.
__________
Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 8, pp. 31–33, August, 2006. 相似文献
62.
H.‐G. Boyen G. Kstle K. Zürn T. Herzog F. Weigl P. Ziemann O. Mayer C. Jerome M. Mller J.P. Spatz M.G. Garnier P. Oelhafen 《Advanced functional materials》2003,13(5):359-364
Starting with Co‐salt‐loaded inverse micelles, which form if the diblock copolymer polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) is dissolved in a selective solvent like toluene and CoCl2 is added to the solution, monomicellar arrays of such micelles exhibiting a significant hexagonal order can be prepared on top of various substrates with tailored intermicellar distances and structure heights. In order to remove the polymer matrix and to finally obtain arrays of pure Co nanoparticles, the micelles are first exposed to an oxygen plasma, followed by a treatment in a hydrogen plasma. Applying in‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that: 1) The oxygen plasma completely removes the polymer, though conserving the original order of the micellar array. Furthermore, the resulting nanoparticles are entirely oxidized with a chemical shift of the Co 2p3/2 line pointing to the formation of Co3O4. 2) By the subsequent hydrogen plasma treatment the nanoparticles are fully reduced to metallic Co. 3) By exposing the pure Co nanoparticles for 100 s to various oxygen partial pressures pequation/tex2gif-inf-5.gif, a stepwise oxidation is observed with a still metallic Co core surrounded by an oxide shell. The data allow the extraction of the thickness of the oxide shell as a function of the total exposure to oxygen (pequation/tex2gif-inf-7.gif × time), thus giving the opportunity to control the ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic composition of an exchange‐biased magnetic system. 相似文献
63.
Given a nonlinear system and a performance index to be minimized, we present a general approach to expressing the finite time optimal feedback control law applicable to different types of boundary conditions. Starting from the necessary conditions for optimality represented by a Hamiltonian system, we solve the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for a generating function for a specific canonical transformation. This enables us to obtain the optimal feedback control for fundamentally different sets of boundary conditions only using a series of algebraic manipulations and partial differentiations. Furthermore, the proposed approach reveals an insight that the optimal cost functions for a given dynamical system can be decomposed into a single generating function that is only a function of the dynamics plus a term representing the boundary conditions. This result is formalized as a theorem. The whole procedure provides an advantage over methods rooted in dynamic programming, which require one to solve the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation repetitively for each type of boundary condition. The cost of this favorable versatility is doubling the dimension of the partial differential equation to be solved. 相似文献
64.
Composition and morphology of char particles of fly ashes from industrial burning of high-ash coals with different reactivity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A comparative investigation of the composition and the morphology of char particles was conducted: char particles were recovered from fly ashes of two power stations in Russia from burning of high- and low-reactivity high-ash coals; the known results of studies of char particles generated in laboratory conditions from coals characterized according to the ASTM D388-98a standard were also used. The composition of organic and mineral components of different fraction char particles was studied. An inverse correlation between the content of the organic substance and the iron content in char particles was identified. The morphology of the char particles for the three main types (Cenospheric, Network and Solid) and the influence of coal reactivity and temperature on char morphology were investigated. The morphology of the mineral component of char particles of the two varieties of coals was also studied. It was shown that the high-temperature of industrial burning of Ekibastuz coal results in melting of the mineral substance and forming of micron-scale microspheres located in the lamellar porous structure of the carbon matrix. 相似文献
65.
Chi-Chang Wang 《International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer》2005,32(10):1337-1349
This research discusses the impacts of the surface area that the wavy surface gets more than the flat plate upon the aerosol particle deposition. Starting from the full Navier–Stokes equation, the mathematical analysis takes the thermophoretic motion formed by the temperature gradient and the fluid thermal expansion into consideration, and converts the governing equations into the boundary layer equation by the simple coordinate transformation and non-similarity method, and then works out these equations by the Spline Alternating-Direction Implicit method (SADI). The numerical value result reveals that the average deposition effect of the wavy plate is greater than the flat plate and that the increasing rate is nearly equal to the value obtained by dividing the surface area that the wavy plate gets more than the flat plate by 2.2. 相似文献
66.
L2-P5三靶点绕障拱型水平井钻井技术 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
介绍了胜利油田L2—P5三靶点绕障拱型水平井的设计和施工情况,重点分析了该井直井段和水平段井眼轨迹控制技术,对施工中出现的问题进行了分析并给出了相应的对策,为该区类似井钻井提供了有益的借鉴。 相似文献
67.
Complex scattering amplitudes are used to calculate the phase contrast of colloidal gold particles. Comparison of measurements of the phase contrast intensity at the centre of the gold particle as a function of defocus for unfiltered and zero-loss filtered images demonstrates the increase in phase contrast achieved by zero-loss filtering even for a thick carbon substrate film. The granulation of amorphous germanium films is measured by the spatial rms (root mean square) values of image intensity in a defocus series. 相似文献
68.
Real-time accurate hand path tracking and joint trajectory planning for industrial robots (I) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Previously, researchers raised the accuracy for a robot’s hand to track a specified path in Cartesian space mainly through
increasing the number of knots on the path and the number of the path’s segments, which results in the heavier online computational
burden for the robot controller. Aiming at overcoming this drawback, the authors propose a new kind of real-time accurate
hand path tracking and joint trajectory planning method. Through selecting some extra knots on the specified hand path by
a certain rule and introducing a sinusoidal function to the joint displacement equation of each segment, this method can greatly
raise the path tracking accuracy of robot’s hand and does not change the number of the path’s segments. It also does not increase
markedly the computational burden of robot controller. The result of simulation indicates that this method is very effective,
and has important value in increasing the application of industrial robots.
Foundation item: Foundation of the Robotics Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. RL200002)
Biography of the first author: TAN Guan-zheng, Dr., professor, born in Oct. 1962, majoring in artificial intelligence, robotics and automation. 相似文献
69.
70.
多目标水平井水平段三维设计数学模型 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
用柱面法推导出多目标水平井水平段三维设计数学模型,并给出了三维设计所需井斜方位角及井斜角的简单计算公式。该数学模型具有一般性,可以方便地编制成计算机程序,对于多目标水平井水平段的优化设计和所有水平井入靶前的随钻修正设计都非常适用。 相似文献