优势菌混合接种泥炭滴滤塔去除混合硫系

研究了混合菌种接种到泥炭填料塔后,去除混合硫系恶臭H2S、甲硫醚和甲硫醇的情况．筛选自H2S驯化泥炭上的化能硫杆菌Au3和DMS驯化泥炭上的化能硫杆菌Au7混合接种后,对混合气中H2S的去除不变,对MT有一定的去除能力,但对DMS的去除率则不高;接种了筛选自H2S驯化泥炭上的异养型假单胞菌Hm-6和自养型硫杆菌Au7的泥炭生物填料塔,对混合硫系恶臭的去除经历了一个由低到高的过程,去除率最后达到100％,表明Hm-6和Au7混合投加后对恶臭的去除更有效,有着广阔的应用前景。     

泥炭净化含Cu2+废水研究

利用泥炭对含Cu^2 的废水进行了吸附研究。结果表明,泥炭对Cu^2 有较好的吸附效果,改性泥炭对Cu^2 的吸附比天然泥炭效果更好。当溶液的pH值接近中性,停留时间为2h时,泥炭对Cu^2 的吸附率可达88％以上。     

木本泥炭新型肥料在砖红壤甘蔗上的应用

在粤西砖红壤上以粤糖03-393为供试品种,通过设置空白对照、常规推荐用肥、常规推荐用肥与分别添加5种木本泥炭肥料配施共7个处理的田间试验,研究了木本泥炭新型肥料对新植甘蔗农艺性状、蔗茎产量、理论产糖量及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:与仅施常规推荐用肥相比,施用木本泥炭生物有机肥处理能显著增加甘蔗有效茎数。5个增施木本泥炭肥料处理的蔗茎产量和理论产糖量均比仅施推荐用肥处理显著增加,土壤中全氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾和有机质的含量也显著提高,经济效益相应得到增加。     

pH值对泥煤吸附Ni2+动力学的影响

以泥煤作为研究对象,考察了N i2+在泥煤上的吸附规律。元素分析、红外光谱与热重分析表明,泥煤上起吸附作用的主要基团是分子侧链上的各种含氧官能团:—COOH,—OH,—C O等。采用批次法研究了溶液pH值对N i2+在泥煤上吸附动力学的影响。实验表明:泥煤吸附N i2+的过程可大致分为2个阶段;pH值是影响泥煤吸附的重要因素,随pH值增加N i2+吸附量增大,吸附反应速率也增大。N i2+在泥煤上的吸附动力学过程很好地符合假二级反应模型,为泥煤处理N i2+废水过程提供一定的理论指导。     

重金属离子在泥煤中的饱和吸附容量与离子结构之间的关系

以泥煤泥炭为吸附剂进行了N i2 ,Cu2 ,Cd2 ,Ce4 ,Eu3 ,Dy3 ,Lu3 的吸附实验,选用极化指数、共价指数与吸附指数来表征重金属离子结构差异。聚类分析可将7种重金属离子分为5类,较好的Langmuir等温吸附方程拟合后计算得到饱和吸附容量由大到小排列顺序为:Cu2 >N i2 >Cd2 >Lu3 >Ce4 >Dy3 >Eu3 ,吸附指数与饱和吸附容量具有很好地线性关系,建立了泥煤对重金属的饱和吸附容量与重金属吸附指数之间的模型关系。     

The Composting of Brewery Sludge

Sludge produced from a trickling filter effluent treatment plant dedicated to the treatment of brewery wastewater was flocculated with cationic polyelectrolytes and dewatered by centrifugation to produce a cake of around 16% (w/w) solids. This cake was mixed with spent grains, shredded office paper and straw to produce an initial mix of 34% (w/w) dried solids with a carbon: nitrogen ratio of 21:1. Temperatures of over 45°C were achieved for around 9 days in a purpose built, laboratory scale, composting unit equipped with temperature and aeration control. Dried solids (DS) were increased to about 65% (w/w) and the volatile solid fraction was reduced from 80% to 60% (w/w) of DS by microbial degradation. The compost was rich in nitrate and phosphate and was used as a peat substitute in qualitative, comparative growth trials where geranium and tomato plants were successfully grown.     

Reservoir Sedimentation and Colour Problems in Southern Pennine Reservoirs

A study of two major environmental issues in upland water management is presented. Discolouration and reservoir sedimentation are seen to affect water managers on different timescales and to different degrees. Rates of reservoir sedimentation, adjusted for empirically derived trap efficiency, are measured and found to be higher than previously believed. A link between sediments found within the reservoir basin and the generation of colour is described.     

Ammonia sorption by peat and N fractionation in some peat-ammonia systems

Ammonia sorption is an important peat property for making composts and peat-mineral fertilizers. In this study, we investigated the influence of moisture content of fibric, hemic and sapric peat materials on ammonia sorption capacity, and we determined the N forms and the amount of solubilized humic substances following peat ammoniation. Ammonia sorption capacity increased curvilinearly with degree of decomposition from the fibric to the sapric peats, and increased with peat moisture content up to 600 g H₂O [kg wet peat]^–1 in the range of 400 to 700 g H₂O [kg wet peat]^–1. The amount of chemically sorbed ammonia was highest in the sapric peat containing [600 g H₂O] [kg wet peat]^–1. On a dry weight basis, maximum sorption capacity was 24 g NH₃-N kg^–1 for the fibric peat, 29 g NH₃-N kg^–1 for the hemic peat and 49 g NH₃-N kg^–1 for the sapric peat. Ammonia loss of physically retained ammonia was greatest at the highest moisture content and for the least decomposed peat. At ammoniation rates exceeding 30 g NH₃ [kg dry peat]^–1, exchangeable ammonium and acid-hydrolyzable N were the dominant N fractions in ammoniated peats. Peat ammoniation increased significantly (p < 0.001) the amounts of water-soluble carbon in all peat materials, of fulvic acid in the fibric peat and of both humic and fulvic acids in the hemic and the sapric peats. At maximum ammonia sorption capacity, the total amount of water-soluble and alkali-extractable organic matter reached 338 g kg^–1 in fibric peat, 683 g kg^–1 in the hemic peat and 848 g kg^–1 in the sapric peat. The hemic and sapric peats appeared more appropriate than the fibric peat for making peat-base fertilizers.     

泥炭基质作物栽培中的灌溉问题

泥炭是一种具有多种优良特性的栽培基质。由于泥炭具有特殊的物理、化学性质,因此泥炭的水分物理性质也与矿质土壤明显不同。本文介绍了以泥炭为基质条件下的作物栽培过程的灌溉技术。     

腐植酸级分的光谱研究

阐述了不同条件下从泥炭中分离出来的腐植酸级分的光谱研究结果,以便为腐植酸的分级方法提供依据。指出在酸和碱介质中分离的腐植酸结构的主要差别,论证了影响分级过程的若干因素。