The Rheology of Peat/Solvent Slurries

Slurries of finely milled Irish peat in Shell White Spirit (100F) were prepared and their rheological behaviour was evaluated in terms of shear rate, solids concentration, moisture content and particle size distribution of the solids. The moisture content of the peat was found to be of crucial significance in determining both the effective solids concentration and the stability of the suspensions. The viscosity of slurries composed of 7% moisture peat solids were almost independent of solids concentration and displayed Newtonian rheological behaviour, with a viscosity of approximately 0·012 N s m⁻². The viscosity of the suspending medium was 1·006×10⁻³ N s m⁻² at 20±1°C. The viscosity of the slurries composed of 55% moisture peat solids was observed to rise sharply, up to about 0·10 N s m⁻² with solids concentration. The shear rate dependence of these suspensions was more complex and their flow characteristics were evaluated in terms of empirical non-Newtonian models. It proved difficult to confidently distinguish between the Bingham Plastic and Casson models as each gave best fit regression curves which were almost identical. Particle size distribution analysis of the suspensions indicates the formation of peat aggregates in the 55% moisture samples which exhibited more rapid settling of the solid. © 1997 SCI     

泥炭生物加工制乙醇及单细胞蛋白的研究

对酸法水解泥炭和水解液发酵制乙醇及单细胞蛋白进行了实验研究．实验结果表明：酒酵母菌在泥炭水解液配制的培养基中生长旺盛,发酵滤液经定性鉴定含有乙醇,滤饼经处理为单细胞蛋白（粗蛋白质含量达46％）．     

pH值对泥煤吸附Ni2+动力学的影响

以泥煤作为研究对象,考察了N i2+在泥煤上的吸附规律。元素分析、红外光谱与热重分析表明,泥煤上起吸附作用的主要基团是分子侧链上的各种含氧官能团:—COOH,—OH,—C O等。采用批次法研究了溶液pH值对N i2+在泥煤上吸附动力学的影响。实验表明:泥煤吸附N i2+的过程可大致分为2个阶段;pH值是影响泥煤吸附的重要因素,随pH值增加N i2+吸附量增大,吸附反应速率也增大。N i2+在泥煤上的吸附动力学过程很好地符合假二级反应模型,为泥煤处理N i2+废水过程提供一定的理论指导。     

天然泥炭对水中结晶紫的吸附行为

通过静态实验探讨了天然泥炭吸附水中结晶紫时的影响因素、动力学、等温式和热力学。结果表明,在研究条件下吸附90min后天然泥炭对结晶紫的吸附量为31.77～70.49mg.g-1,吸附量随着结晶紫初始浓度或温度的增加而增加,但随着天然泥炭用量的增加而减小。在pH为5～8时随着pH的增加而增加。此外,天然泥炭吸附结晶紫的速度较快,吸附90min后基本达到平衡。吸附动力学规律符合Lagergren准二级反应模型,不同温度下的吸附等温式都与Langmuir方程符合很好。热力学分析表明,吸附过程吸热,吸附焓变ΔH和熵变ΔS都为正值,吸附自由能变ΔG为负值。     

木本泥炭新型肥料在砖红壤甘蔗上的应用

在粤西砖红壤上以粤糖03-393为供试品种,通过设置空白对照、常规推荐用肥、常规推荐用肥与分别添加5种木本泥炭肥料配施共7个处理的田间试验,研究了木本泥炭新型肥料对新植甘蔗农艺性状、蔗茎产量、理论产糖量及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:与仅施常规推荐用肥相比,施用木本泥炭生物有机肥处理能显著增加甘蔗有效茎数。5个增施木本泥炭肥料处理的蔗茎产量和理论产糖量均比仅施推荐用肥处理显著增加,土壤中全氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾和有机质的含量也显著提高,经济效益相应得到增加。     

Net nitrogen mineralisation in a drained mollic gleysol under variable soil moisture conditions

Mineralisation of organic matter can substantially add to the risk of nitrogen leaching from drained humus-rich soils under intensive agricultural use. The objective of this study was to investigate net nitrogen mineralisation (NNM) in a drained Mollic Gleysol over the course of a year and to separate contributions from the decomposition of fresh organic residues (litter) and stabilised soil organic matter (humus). Using NNM rates measured under different moisture conditions in two undisturbed subsoil monoliths and a moisture response function determined by incubation experiments with small soil cores from a humus-rich subsoil layer, a first-order rate model was calibrated to describe NNM of the humus pool. Standardised to the same moisture conditions by means of this response function, NNM rate constants were independent of depth and also did not differ between monoliths and small soil cores. The model predicted NNM rates determined in situ at a depth of 20–40 cm well. For the topsoil (0–20 cm) it was necessary to extend the model by a second pool of organic matter with a higher turnover rate (litter pool). Assuming the same moisture and temperature dependence of NNM in the two pools, the basic NNM rate constant of the litter pool was determined by data fitting. With this calibration, the two-pool model predicted a net mineralisation of 322 kg N ha^–1 during the experimental year in the upper 40 cm of the soil of which 55% occurred in the litter pool. While overall NNM predictions relating to the entire study period agreed well with the field data, predictions for individual incubation periods (3–6 weeks) and soil layers were much less reliable.     

基于硝化泥炭对含铬废水的正交实验研究

采用稀硝酸处理天然泥炭,考察硝化泥炭的投加量、溶液中铬的初始浓度、溶液的初始pH和吸附接触时间对硝化泥炭的去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:实验因素影响顺序是:含铬废水的初始浓度>pH>硝化泥炭投加量>吸附时间。最佳的实验组合是:硝化泥炭投加量0.5 g、含铬废水的初始浓度20 mg/L、吸附时间80 min、pH 6。在最佳的实验条件下,溶液中的铬离子的去除率达到91.49%。     

天然沸石与泥炭生物处理微污染水体实验研究

设计并构建天然沸石与泥炭生物滤池装置,实验考察其在微污染水体中脱氮除磷的性能,研究其形成生物膜系统后对污染物去除的机理及其效果。实验结果表明:泥炭吸附水溶液中的磷酸根能力提高,但会释放氨氮,致使天然沸石吸附水溶液中的氨氮能力下降;形成生物膜系统的天然沸石与泥炭可同步去除微污染水体的污染物,装置运行稳定后的CODcr、NH4+-N和TP去除率分别可达80%、95%和41%;通过生物作用可使天然沸石与泥炭再生,实现材料持续使用。     

微污染水体中改性泥炭与沸石同步脱氮除磷实验研究

实验研究改性的泥炭与沸石联合作用下同步对微污染水体的脱氮除磷效果,并与单独的改性泥炭除磷和改性沸石脱氮效果进行对比分析,以及通过SEM分析泥炭和沸石改性前后以及联合作用下两种改性材料饱和后的形态特点.实验结果表明,联合作用下改性泥炭吸附水溶液中的磷酸根能力提高,且会释放氨氮,改性沸石吸附水溶液中的氨氮能力下降,改性的泥炭与沸石可同步去除微污染水体的氨氮和磷,出水水质达到国家景观环境用水的再生水指标.     

荷兰“绿心”——国家景观中基于适应气候变化的景观设计

适应气候变化是景观设计中一个密切相关的主题,通过两个设计案例进行研究。1)"绿心"气候公园。体现了倡导的设计思想和区域性研究成果。"绿心"研究计划始于2010年,最初是为经济、农业和创新的综合创新网络部门制定。该计划建议:将填海造地和脆弱的泥炭地转变为"气候缓冲区",使水系统更具弹性、减少土地沉降、抵御洪水,并通过恢复泥炭地来吸收CO-_2,有助于抵消温室效应。"气候缓冲区"也为800万居民增加了景观的多样性和吸引力。2)阿姆斯特尔兰专题研究。阿姆斯特尔兰是紧靠阿姆斯特丹南部的一个具有吸引力的农村地区,也是"绿心国家景观"的一部分。"绿心"区域设计研究、阿姆斯特尔兰专题研究于2019年开展,由我们担任北荷兰、南荷兰和乌得勒支的空间质量省级顾问。阿姆斯特尔兰是"绿心"中一个具有文化和历史价值的开放式农业景观,沿经阿姆斯特尔河渗入阿姆斯特丹的城市肌理中。对于该区域探究了2种设计思路及方案。1)如何使农业景观具有可持续性且不受气候影响;2)将农业景观转变为自然景观并积极促进泥炭地的增长,会产生什么意义。这2个方案的目标一致,都旨在保留阿姆斯特尔兰,使之成为阿姆斯特丹周边城区的一处重要的开放空间。