冻结及冻藏温度对小龙虾冻藏过程中脂质氧化的影响

本研究将小龙虾热烫后置于真空包装盒内,灌水并抽真空,分别于3 种冻结温度（－20、－40 ℃和－55 ℃）的冰柜内冻结至中心温度为－15 ℃,再于2 种冻藏温度（－20 ℃和－40 ℃）的冰柜中冻藏24 周,测定不同温度冻结和冻藏小龙虾肉的脂肪质量分数、游离脂肪酸（free fatty acids,FFAs）含量以及脂肪酸组成、过氧化值（peroxide value,POV）和硫代巴比妥酸反应物（thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS）值,探讨冻结及冻藏温度对小龙虾脂质氧化的影响。结果表明：随着冻藏时间的延长,6 组小龙虾的脂肪质量分数、不饱和脂肪酸（unsaturated fatty acids,UFAs）和多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFAs）相对含量显著下降（P＜0.05）,FFAs含量和饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acids,SFAs）相对含量、POV、TBARS值总体显著上升（P＜0.05）。冻藏温度相同时,－20 ℃冻结的小龙虾肉的POV、TBARS值高于－40 ℃和－55 ℃,而FFAs含量和脂肪酸组成无明显差异;冻结温度相同时,－20 ℃冻藏小龙虾肉脂肪和FFAs含量、POV、TBARS值均明显高于－40 ℃冻藏组,UFAs和PUFAs含量低于－40 ℃冻藏组,SFAs含量高于－40 ℃冻藏组。结论：冻结温度－40、－55 ℃和冻藏温度－40 ℃均减轻了小龙虾肉脂质的水解和氧化程度。     

西北侏罗系煤成油研究中的煤田地质学方法

运用煤田地质学方法分析、研究了西北侏罗系盆地的煤沼沉积环境演化类型(以下简称煤沼演化类型),划分出:①没有发育湖相建造;②含煤建造上覆缺失湖相建造;③具有完整湖平面变化旋四层序的三种煤沼演化类型;研究了西北侏罗系含煤盆地,尤其是第二和第三煤沼演化类型的煤显微组分组成和烃源岩的成熟度特征.根据西北侏罗系含煤盆地煤成油田形成和分布规律,依据煤沼演化类型、盆地沉积构造背景、有机岩组成特征等条件,提出了天山及其以北和塔里木周缘和祁连山两侧山前的前陆盆地等同沉积构造活动性较强的盆地是西北侏罗系煤成油勘探的有利区域,发育第一和第二煤沼演化类型的盆地及其伊犁和三塘湖盆地没有找到煤成油田的可能的看法.     

厚煤层成因机制——天文周期控制的多期次泥炭沼泽叠加模式

蕴含丰富地质信息的厚煤层是重要的地质碳库及地质信息库,我国是煤炭资源大国,华北、西北、东北、华南等聚煤区都发育有厚煤层.传统煤田地质学认为,厚煤层是泥炭沼泽潜水面上升速度与植物遗体聚集速度长期处于均衡补偿状态下的连续聚集产物.但现今发育的泥炭沼泽单层最大厚度仅为20 m,考虑泥炭到烟煤成煤过程受到高达约6:1的压实比例...     

Survivorship and growth of Typha latifolia L. across a NaCl gradient: a greenhouse study

Oil sands surface mining operations in northeastern Alberta have created a substantial area of land needing to be reclaimed. Historically, these lands were a mosaic of uplands and boreal wetlands, particularly peatlands. While protocols for upland reclamation are well-defined, protocols for peatland reclamation are still in development. Two major concerns for peatland reclamations are (1) the ability of wetland plants to tolerate the increased sodicity present after surface mining and (2) the potential for the invasion of aggressive wetland plants, such as Typha latifolia, that could crowd out peatland plants and hinder the development of a peat layer. This study addresses these concerns by quantifying the response of T. latifolia seedlings to a sodium gradient. In the lowest two concentrations (0 and 300 mg L^?1), there was about 100% survival rate as compared to about 56% at sodium concentration of 2400 mg L^?1. At 300 mg L^?1, T. latifolia leaf health began to decrease, and at 600 mg L^?1, the health, plant height and the biomass aboveground decreased substantially. Our findings suggest that T. latifolia populations might be kept in check by keeping sodium concentrations within a range between 300 and 600 mg L^?1.     

沼泽土物理力学性质和微观结构的研究

对东北三江平原的两种典型沼泽土和北京翠湖一种湿地土进行一系列物理力学性质和微观结构的试验研究。结果表明:三种土分别对应的物理性质试验、微观结构试验和力学性质试验得出的规律是一致的。沼泽白土与翠湖湿地土性质比较接近,但沼泽黑土含水量、液性指数、孔隙比、烧失率和压缩性等极高,干密度极低,孔隙体积、孔隙大小和固结变形等远远大于翠湖湿地土和沼泽白土。沼泽黑土抗剪强度最小,三种土所得凝聚力c值都很小,不超过0.5 kPa。沼泽黑土的各项指标明显比较特殊。研究结果丰富了已有软土研究成果,可为沼泽地区的工程建设提供参考。     

中国东北地区梅河盆地梅河组含煤地层层序格架、沉积体系及其聚煤规律

梅河盆地位于敦化—密山断裂带内,为中国东北地区古近系重要的断陷聚煤盆地,含煤层位主要为古近系梅河组下含煤段和上含煤段。通过野外踏勘、岩心和显微镜观察,识别出梅河盆地下含煤段和上含煤段主要发育扇三角洲相和湖泊相,并进一步识别出扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘、浅湖及湖沼亚相,其中煤层主要聚集于扇三角洲平原以及湖沼环境中。在野外露头剖面、测井曲线、岩心特征及地球化学特征分析的基础上,对梅河组层序地层研究表明,梅河组下含煤段至上含煤段共发育3个三级层序,其中下含煤段发育在层序I中,上含煤段则在层序III中,每个三级层序均发育低水位体系域(LST)、水进体系域(TST)和高水位体系域(HST)。通过对研究区134口钻孔层序内沉积相统计分析,发现不同体系域中沉积相和煤层分布特征不同,湖沼聚煤环境主要发育在层序I中TST和HST中,而扇三角洲平原聚煤环境主要发育于层序I中LST和层序III中,在TST和HST中湖沼环境沉积的煤层厚度大、连续稳定,为梅河盆地经济可采煤层,在层序I的LST中和层序III中扇三角洲平原沉积的煤多数薄且不连续,不具备经济可采价值。     

基于FWO法与CR法的中蒙边境森林草原交错区沟塘草甸羊草热解动力学分析

以内蒙古自治区阿尔山市内沟塘草甸为研究区域,选取典型草本羊草为研究对象,运用热重分析法以通氧速率10、20、30 mL/min,在升温速率分别为40、80 ℃/min的条件下进行热失重行为研究。使用TG-DTG曲线分析样品的热解过程,利用Coats-Redfern（CR）积分法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa（FWO）积分法对样品的快速热解阶段进行动力学分析,得出在不同氧气浓度下样品的热解活化能和指前因子并求得相应参数。结果表明羊草热解过程分为：失水阶段、快速热解阶段、炭化阶段。其中快速热解阶段为350～450 ℃,此阶段中升温速率越快,温度滞后现象越明显;通氧速率越快,温度超前现象越明显。热解过程及动力学参数分析表明,Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法更适用于羊草热解过程,引发火灾危险程度的通氧速率为：30 mL/min＞20 mL/min＞10 mL/min。     

Hydrologic connectivity and backswamp water quality during a flood in the Atchafalaya Basin,USA

The Atchafalaya River Basin (ARB) is the largest distributary basin of the Mississippi River and contains the largest tract of forested wetlands in North America. However, hydrologic manipulations for flood control, logging, and mineral extraction have altered how water flows through the ARB and have led to widespread stagnation and hypoxia. To address this, the State of Louisiana has developed a hydrologic restoration plan to increase connectivity between the Atchafalaya River and backswamp areas on the floodplain. Here, we report on water quality changes in the forested wetlands of the ARB during a flood pulse as part of a prerestoration monitoring programme. Monitoring stations were set up in the backswamp to collect data on water levels, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature, and specific conductance. We found that when water levels were high enough to overtop bayou banks and spoil banks, north‐to‐south flow patterns were reinstated and water quality in the backswamp was improved. Specifically, hypoxic conditions, which had been common before the flood, were alleviated whereas the swamps were receiving flowing, oxygenated river water. The magnitude and duration of dissolved oxygen improvement was dependent on the length of time a site received river water. Our results suggest that stagnation and hypoxia can be alleviated in the ARB by increasing the amount of time river water can access to floodplain swamps.     

出口克氏螯虾制品生产工艺

克氏螯虾及其制品虽已出口多年,加工工艺也逐步改进,但许多加工企业在工艺上仍存在一些缺陷。出口克氏螯虾生产工艺应当包括捕捞、验收、加工、包装、贮存至成品装运出厂的全过程。合理的工艺是确保产品品质和食品安全的重要手段。生产工艺及关键控制点的确定,必须有充分的科学依据,并经过体系验证,符合生产和食品安全的需要。     

青藏铁路典型冻土湿地断面路基稳定性分析

通过对唐古拉山典型冻土沼泽路堤段进行分析,考虑运营荷载、地震和存在软弱层等不同工况,采用圆弧法计算其稳定性,计算表明,只有在最不利的情况组合发生时,该断面可能出现不稳定。