APPLICATION OF LBM-SGS MODEL TO FLOWS IN A PUMPING-STATION FOREBAY

A 2-D Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) coupled with a Sub-Grid Stress (SGS) model is proposed and validated by flows around a non-submerged spur dike in a channel. And then the LBM-SGS model is further applied to flows in a pumping-station forebay. Shallow water equations are numerically solved by the LBM and the turbulence can be taken into account and modeled efficiently by the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model. The bounce-back scheme of the non-equilibrium part of the distribution function is used at the inlet boundary, the normal gradient of the distribution function is set as zero at the outlet boundary and the bounce-back scheme is applied to the solid wall to ensure non-slip boundary conditions. Firstly, the model successfully predicts the flow characteristics around a spur dike, such as circulating flow, velocity and water depth distributions. The results are verified by the experimental data and compared to the results obtained by conventional Smagoringsky Model (SM) of LES. Finally, the LBM-SGS model is used to further predict the flow characteristics in a forebay, such as secondary flow and water level. The comparisons show that the model scheme has the capacity to simulate complex flows in shallow water with reasonable accuracy and reliability.     

护岸式透水桩坝缓流落淤效果及桩部冲刷过程

通过河工动床模型试验，结合理论分析，对护岸式透水桩坝应用于黄河的缓流落淤效果及桩柱附近局部冲刷过程进行了研究。认识到影响透水桩坝缓流落淤效果的因素、坝后滩地淤积形态及过程、透水桩坝坝前的局部冲刷过程及形态，以及桩柱坝后的冲刷形态。     

透水坡面降雨径流过程的运动波近似解析解

本文从坡面流运动波理论的基本方程出发，利用运动波特征线法和分级叠加法，推导出了实验条件下考虑净雨强随时间变化的坡面流运动波方程近似解析解。用实验实测资料对模拟计算结果进行了验证。结果表明，坡面漫流过程的模拟计算结果与实测资料符合良好。     

充沙长管袋抛掷沉降运动的力学研究

本文对充沙长管袋这种新型的筑坝、抢险整治工程材料进行了抛掷沉降运动的力学分析研究与模拟计算。根据充沙长管袋的几何、材料特性，本文分析了管袋沉降机理与沉降速度；在多个小块柔性连接体的假设下，对抛掷在河流中的管袋进行了力学分析与动力学过程的研究，建立了管袋沉降的连续体数学模型。通过合理简化，导出了实用的管袋位移与转角的计算公式。根据管袋抛掷的观测资料，确定了沉降计算的有关参数；针对黄河水流、泥沙特点及现实施工条件进行了多种管袋抛掷沉降的模拟计算，提出了适应黄河丁坝防护的管袋尺寸及位移范围值。     

双戗堤截流时下戗堤的作用分析

立堵截流计算的核心内容是龙口流速的求取，因为龙口流速的大小直接影响到截流时所选择抛投料粒径的大小，可以说是衡量截流难度的一个重要指标。本文在分析单戗堤立堵截流龙口流速变化规律的基础上，着重研究了在双戗堤立堵截流中，当上戗堤最困难的时候，也就是流速最大的时候，下戗堤是否能够壅水，从而降低上戗堤的截流难度这个问题，论证了双戗堤立堵截流水力控制条件的正确性，为双戗堤立堵截流的顺利施工提供判断依据一     

软岩与水相互作用研究综述

软岩是一类松散、破碎、软弱及风化膨胀性的强度较低的岩石,在水环境作用下软岩易产生大变形失稳破坏。大多数岩土工程事故都涉及到软岩与水的相互作用,研究软岩与水相互作用对于分析某些由软岩失稳引起的工程事故具有重要的理论和现实意义。针对软岩与水相互作用这一问题,从软岩与水相互作用的分类、软岩吸水特性的影响因素及其软岩吸水失稳机理等方面,对国内外具有代表性的研究成果进行了梳理。结果表明:软岩与水相互作用可分为力学作用、物理作用和化学作用。在各种影响软岩吸水特性的因素中,主要因素是黏土矿物的含量和种类、孔隙结构,其他影响因素有水压变化、软岩的干湿循环次数、软岩的块体尺度(尺度效应)和吸水时间等。软岩吸水失稳的根本原因是吸水后黏土矿物微观结构发生变化,而是否含蒙脱石等吸水性极强的黏土矿物并非直接原因;后者只是对软岩吸水过程起到促进作用。     

河流护岸多孔生态材料对水体中硝态氮去除试验

为进一步提升护岸材料对面源污染物的净化能力,采用骨料交联法制备了具有较高透水率的多孔生态砌块,研究骨料粒径与砌块透水率的关系,并采用动水挂膜法对不同透水率的生态砌块进行反硝化细菌表面负载,在此基础上,研究所制备的不同骨料粒径的生态砌块的透水率、比表面积等对水体中硝态氮去除率的耦合效应。结果表明:在相同孔隙率条件下生态砌块的透水率随比表面积的增加而降低,且随着骨料粒径的增大而提高;生态砌块对水体中硝态氮的去除率随透水率的增加呈现先增大再减小的趋势,其中骨料粒径为7~11 mm,透水率为6.6 m L/(s.cm~2)的多孔生态砌块对硝态氮的去除率可达90.3%。     

冻融频数对透水混凝土质量损失的关系的研究

透水混凝土的抗冻性是在寒冷地区的重要强度以及耐久性指标之一,根据本文对透水混凝土试块进行的不同次数的冻融试验,研究发现透水混凝土内部的细小裂纹会沿着一定方向持续扩张,当扩张到一定程度时,原本不连通的孔隙将相互连通。通过测定透水混凝土弹性模量的相对变化来评估其破坏状态,相对弹性模量冻融次数达到70次时,试块质量仅下降0.74%,且表面无明显破坏痕迹,但测定弹性模量使用的动弹仪主要是依据内部的基频折损来评价混凝土的破坏状态,故透水混凝土与弹性模量关系有待进一步研究。     

Fe基非晶合金的恒导磁性能研究

研究了Fe基非晶合金在不同热处理工艺条件下的恒导磁性能.结果表明,通过简单的横向磁场热处理工艺,可将具有高饱和磁感应强度的Fe基非晶合金制成无间隙的恒导磁磁芯,并且具有良好的综合磁特性.合金在350℃处理时,恒磁范围达到400A/m,磁导率约为3.14×10-3T·m/A,随保温时间的延长,恒磁场范围提高到600A/m以上,但磁导率降低,约为1.25×10-3T@m/A.在晶化温度以下,提高横向磁场热处理温度有利于提高材料的恒导磁性能.     

Electro-elastic fields of piezoelectric materials with an elliptic hole under uniform internal shearing forces

The existing investigations on piezoelectric materials containing an elliptic hole mainly focus on remote uniform tensile loads. In order to have a better understanding of the fracture behavior of piezoelectric materials under different loading conditions, theoretical and numerical solutions are presented for an elliptic hole in transversely isotropic piezoelectric materials subjected to uniform internal shearing forces based on the complex potential approach. By solving ten variable linear equations, the analytical solutions inside and outside the hole satisfying the permeable electric boundary conditions are obtained. Taking PZT-4 ceramic into consideration, numerical results of electro-elastic fields along the edge of the hole and axes, and the electric displacements in the hole are presented. Comparison with stresses in transverse isotropic elastic materials shows that the hoop stress at the ends of major axis in two kinds of material equals zero for the various ratios of major to minor axis lengths; If the ratio is greater than 1, the hoop stress in piezoelectric materials is smaller than that in elastic materials, and if the ratio is smaller than 1, the hoop stress in piezoelectric materials is greater than that in elastic materials; When it is a circle hole, the shearing stress in two materials along axes is the same. The distribution of electric displacement components shows that the vertical electric displacement in the hole and along axes in the material is always zero though under the permeable electric boundary condition; The horizontal and vertical electric displacement components along the edge of the hole are symmetrical and antisymmetrical about horizontal axis, respectively. The stress and electric displacement distribution tends to zero at distances far from the elliptical hole, which conforms to the conclusion usually made on the basis of Saint-Venant’s principle. Unlike the existing work, uniform shearing forces acting on the edge of the hole, and the distribution of electro-elastic fields