Exploring the Biomaterial-Induced Secretome: Physical Bone Substitute Characteristics Influence the Cytokine Expression of Macrophages

In addition to their chemical composition various physical properties of synthetic bone substitute materials have been shown to influence their regenerative potential and to influence the expression of cytokines produced by monocytes, the key cell-type responsible for tissue reaction to biomaterials in vivo. In the present study both the regenerative potential and the inflammatory response to five bone substitute materials all based on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), but which differed in their physical characteristics (i.e., granule size, granule shape and porosity) were analyzed for their effects on monocyte cytokine expression. To determine the effects of the physical characteristics of the different materials, the proliferation of primary human osteoblasts growing on the materials was analyzed. To determine the immunogenic effects of the different materials on human peripheral blood monocytes, cells cultured on the materials were evaluated for the expression of 14 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, VEGF, RANTES, IL-12p40, I-CAM, IL-4, V-CAM, TNF-α, GM-CSF, MIP-1α, Il-8 and MCP-1 using a Bio-Plex^® Multiplex System. The granular shape of bone substitutes showed a significant influence on the osteoblast proliferation. Moreover, smaller pore sizes, round granular shape and larger granule size increased the expression of GM-CSF, RANTES, IL-10 and IL-12 by monocytes, while polygonal shape and the larger pore sizes increased the expression of V-CAM. The physical characteristics of a bone biomaterial can influence the proliferation rate of osteoblasts and has an influence on the cytokine gene expression of monocytes in vitro. These results indicate that the physical structure of a biomaterial has a significant effect of how cells interact with the material. Thus, specific characteristics of a material may strongly affect the regenerative potential in vivo.     

湿法磷酸选择性除杂制工业级磷酸二氢铵

以湿法磷酸为原料, 通过氟化钠选择性沉淀金属离子, 使其以NaMgAl（F, OH）₆·H₂O和XMgAlF₆（X=Na ⁺、K ⁺、NH₄ ⁺）非含磷沉淀析出, 再通氨中和制得工业级磷酸二氢铵。分析了氟化钠加入量对杂质脱除（Na、K、Al、Mg、Fe和Ca等金属阳离子）及液相氟残留的影响, 结果表明氟化钠与磷酸质量比（m_NaF/m）为2.5%时, 效果较好, 此条件下制得的磷酸二氢铵纯度和五氧化二磷收率分别达到98.53%和86.2%。     

医药副产含磷废盐的提纯研究

随着精细化工及中间体产品的发展,各类副产废盐量不断增加,由于其产生量大及难处理等特点,成为阻碍行业发展的一大瓶颈。主要开展了医药副产含磷废盐的提纯实验研究,针对废盐产生的途径和特性,采用洗脱剂（甲醇-乙醇）+活性炭混合洗脱与重结晶的方式,分别去除废盐中的有机物和氯化钠,回收可利用的磷酸盐,实现废盐的提纯资源化。当洗脱剂与废盐的体积质量比为1 mL/g、洗脱剂甲醇与乙醇的体积比为4∶6、活性炭用量为废盐质量的0.4%时,废盐中的有机物得到了有效去除。随后对得到的混盐进行重结晶得到回收磷酸盐,回收磷酸盐的纯度可达98%以上,符合工业磷酸盐行业标准的要求。将含磷废盐提纯回收磷酸盐,1 t废盐的处理成本约为174.24元,可回收0.61 t磷酸盐,实现了废盐的资源化再利用。     

用铸造废砂制备磷酸盐泡沫陶瓷的研究

以经过活化处理后的铸造废砂为主要原料，以磷酸和磷酸盐为发泡固化剂，再配以必要的添加剂，通过混合搅拌、浇注成型、烧结强化工艺制造的磷酸盐泡沫陶瓷具有高强和多孔特征。研究表明：影响材料性能的主要因素有废砂活性、磷酸、添加剂、烧结工艺以及混合料中的铝硅比等。技术经济分析表明了这项工艺技术具有废物利用量大．生产过程简单，产品用途广泛，对铸造行业的废弃物资源化具有积极意义。     

添加稀土引致的磷化膜变化与促进机制

用能谱与SEM分析，发现加入稀土硝酸盐(REN)后明显提高了无定形晶体Zn2Fe(PO4)2在磷化膜表面的覆盖率，而使得膜的耐蚀性能提高.此时膜内相关元素含量比例发生了变化：P增大,Zn减小，可见磷对膜耐蚀性的贡献比锌大.讨论认为，稀土硝酸盐是一个有良好载氧能力的催化剂，具有良好的成核促进作用和阴极去极化作用，从而能加速磷化并使膜的耐腐蚀性能提高.      

有减水作用的新型高效陶瓷助磨剂研制

利用曼尼奇反应原理 ,制备了多胺基磷酸钠陶瓷助磨剂 ,采用红外光谱、差热分析等对合成的助剂进行了表征 ;此外 ,通过对氧化铁以及石英滑石等原料的助磨应用测试表明 :合成的助剂是一种高效陶瓷助磨剂 ,同时还具有减水作用。     

Effects of substituted aromatic heterocyclic phosphate salts on properties,crystallization, and melting behaviors of isotactic polypropylene

Nucleation effects of 2,2′‐methylene‐bis (4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl) phosphate metal salts as a nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (iPP) were investigated with differential scanning calorimeter and polarized optical microscope, and their effects on mechanical, optical, and heat resistance properties of iPP were also studied. The results showed that monovalent metal salts of substituted aromatic heterocyclic phosphate such as sodium salt, lithium salt, and potassium salt had a good performance. With 0.2 wt % of sodium salt, lithium salt, or potassium salt incorporated into iPP, the crystallization peak temperature of iPP could be increased by 13.5, 13.6, and 15.0°C, respectively; the mass fraction of crystallinity of iPP could be increased by about 5%; and crystallization rate was enhanced increasingly. Meanwhile the tensile strength and flexural modulus of iPP could be increased by about 10 and 30%, respectively, and the clarity and heat distortion temperature of iPP could also be improved significantly. But bivalent and trivalent metal salts of substituted aromatic heterocyclic phosphate had little effect on properties of iPP. Meanwhile the morphology study showed that the addition of monovalent sodium salt could decrease the spherulite size of iPP significantly. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4868–4874, 2006     

结晶法净化湿法磷酸生产磷酸二氢钾研究

研究了三聚氰胺结晶法净化湿法磷酸复分解生产精细磷酸二氢钾工艺中磷酸三聚氰胺与氯化钾反应生产磷酸二氢钾的工艺条件。采用二次正交组合实验设计，对反应过程中反应温度，反应时间，搅拌速度，氯化钾用量，氯化钾初始浓度等诸因素的一次作用，二次作用及交互作用对五氧化二磷转化率的影响进行了研究，得到了适宜的工艺条件，所得磷酸二氢钾达到HG2321－91质量标准。     

饲料级磷酸氢钙标准样品的研制

简述了饲料级磷酸氢钙标准样品的研制过程，并对样品作了稳定性试验，对搅拌设备的搅拌均匀性和物料的均匀性进行了测定，并由国家认可实验室进行了定值数据的监测。通过对比实验证明了国家实验室之间的无差异性。实验数据表明了所测定的饲料级磷酸氢钙产品是稳定和均匀的，同时简要介绍标准样品的研制程序，为开发其他化工行业标准样品奠定了基础。