TiO2 photoactivity in vis and UV light: The influence of calcination temperature and surface properties

A series of TiO₂ photocatalysts were obtained using several calcination temperatures ranging from 350 to 750 °C. The photocatalysts’ characteristics by X-ray diffraction, UV–vis and FTIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopies, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, BET and BJH methods showed that sample active in vis region had anatase structure, about 200 m²/g specific surface area, absorbed light for λ > 400 nm and contained 10.1 at.% of C–C species. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was estimated by measuring the decomposition rate of phenol in 0.21 mM aqueous solution in visible and ultraviolet light. The experimental data clearly indicate correlation between the absorption intensity of irradiation by obtained powders and their photocatalytic performance in phenol degradation. An increase in absorbance over the entire vis region and the highest photocatalytic activity for phenol degradation in visible light (λ > 400 nm) occurred for photocatalyst calcinated at 350 °C. Photocatalyst processed at 450 °C had the best activity in UV light (250 < λ < 400 nm).     

纳米氧化钛光催化降解苯酚活性研究

本文从制备方法、微观结构、光催化活性研究等方面介绍了本课题组近几年从事的具有纳米结构的氧化钛、被修饰在介孔材料中的氧化钛以及沉积了贵金属的纳米结构氧化钛的研究成果，并总结了纳米氧化钛的结构特点和对应的光催化性质的规律。纳米氧化钛因颗粒尺寸下降而具有与微米氧化钛不同的特殊性质，有着广泛的应用前景，是具有光催化性质的氧化钛的研究热点。     

CeO2掺杂TiO2光催化剂的性能研究

采用液相合成法制备CeO2掺杂TiO2光催化粉体,利用X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、FT-IR傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等对粉体的晶相组成、光谱吸收性能进行了表征,结果表明,掺杂后的TiO2经800℃热处理后仍呈锐钛矿型;CeO2/TiO2吸收光谱的阈值波长发生红移,但Ce掺杂浓度的增大对粉体的可见光吸收影响不大.光催化降解甲醛的结果表明,粉体在普通日光灯下对甲醛气体的降解率明显优于P25.     

TiO2-硅藻土复合光催化剂降解二甲基甲酰胺研究

以硅藻土为固体活性添加物,采用溶胶-凝胶法水解钛酸四丁酯制备硅藻土负载TiO2复合光催化剂。以二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液的光催化降解为模型反应,研究制备条件中煅烧温度、溶胶pH值、H2O与Ti(OR)4的量比、涂覆次数等条件对光催化活性的影响。结果表明,合成复合催化剂的最佳煅烧温度为500℃、溶胶pH值为1.3、H2O与Ti(OR)4的量比为15.75、涂覆次数为3次;在300W紫外光照射、反应2h、催化剂投量为1g/L、DMF的质量浓度为200mg/L时,最大降解率为84.27%,表现出较强的光降解性。     

TiO2光催化处理含甲基橙微污染水的动力学研究

通过溶胶-凝胶和浸渍相结合的方法制备出负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂,在光催化氧化反应器中对含有甲基橙的微污染水进行了光催化氧化研究.确定影响甲基橙光催化氧化的主要影响因素为TiO2光催化剂投加量、氧化剂投加量.结果表明,光催化氧化要比无催化剂的光氧化效果好,甲基橙的降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型;最佳的催化剂投加质量浓度为0.40 g/L;增加H2O2的投加量有助于甲基橙的去除.     

Photocatalytic degradation of malic acid using a thin coated TiO2‐film: Insights on the mechanism of photocatalysis

Decontamination of opaque fluids using photocatalysts and near Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation involves major technical challenges. This study considers a thin TiO₂ layer placed in a new Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC)‐photoreactor cell. This new photoreactor cell is used for the photocatalytic degradation of malic and malonic acids, typical apple juice components. Conversion of organic species can only proceed through the “dark side” of the TiO₂ layer, which is in direct contact with the fluid. Under the selected operating conditions both external mass‐transfer limitations and photolysis are found to be negligible. Macroscopic radiation balance shows that 92% of near UV radiation is absorbed by the ‘back side” of the TiO₂‐film. Photocatalytic degradation experiments with 10, 20, 30, and 40 ppm malic acid initial concentrations, show that malonic acid is a main intermediate. Complete malic acid conversion occurs after 5–8 h of irradiation. Kinetic modeling of malic and malonic acid photodegradation with kinetic parameter estimation is performed using both an “in series” and an “in series‐parallel” reaction networks. The “in series‐parallel” reaction network displays better ability for predicting CO₂ formation, showing maximum quantum yields of 14.2%. Given that in the CREC‐photoreactor cell with a thin TiO₂‐film, photocatalysis can only proceed via the transfer of mobile “h⁺” sites from the irradiated side to the “dark side', this study demonstrates the significance of this step on the overall photocatalysis mechanism. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3286–3299, 2014     

纳米TiO2光催化降解污染物研究

以10W直管紫外杀菌灯为光源，以泡沫镍基纳米TiO2为催化剂，研究了低沸点有机小分子污染物的光催化降解。以丙酮为光催化降解对象，结果表明，丙酮的降解符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood准一级动力学方程，并研究了相关因素对丙酮的光催化降解的影响。并对实验现象加以解释。实验还对类似于丙酮的低沸点有机污染物，设计了一种新颖的光催化反应器。     

掺杂铁纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能研究

分别采用水热法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米级TiO₂和不同掺铁量的TiO₂纳米粒子。通过纯TiO₂和掺铁TiO₂分别作光催化剂时甲基橙溶液在紫外光下的光催化降解试验发现，溶胶-凝胶法掺杂铁离子可以有效地提高TiO₂光催化活性，而水热法掺杂铁使TiO₂的光催化活性明显降低。Fe/TiO₂摩尔比为0.01％～0.1％，随掺杂量的增大,TiO₂光催化活性逐渐降低。     

活性炭纤维负载TiO2薄膜的制备及对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解

采用浸渍-水解法,制备了活性炭纤维(ACF)负载TiO2薄膜。通过XRD、SEM与XPS对膜进行了表征,并研究了该负载型催化剂对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解性能。结果表明,所得薄膜为锐钛矿晶型,在其循环使用过程中,经140 m in光催化反应对亚甲基蓝的去除率始终维持在99.8%~99.9%,说明该产品对亚甲基蓝具有高的光催化活性和重复利用性。在有无紫外光照两种情况下,通过比较所制备催化剂在5次循环使用中对亚甲基蓝的去除性能,以及降解产物中铵离子的浓度变化,证明亚甲基蓝的去除是被TiO2降解而不是被ACF吸附。     

光催化降解甲醛废气的研究

通过使用自制的光催化剂(二氧化钛、三氧化钨)分别负载在玻纤上,对甲醛气体进行光催化降解。以动态法考察了温度、湿度对光催化降解甲醛的影响。实验结果表明:随着温度、湿度的升高,光催化降解甲醛气体的降解率先升高后降低。最佳反应条件为:反应温度38℃,反应湿度40%,以WO3/TiO2/玻纤为光催化剂,甲醛降解率达到76%。并对WO3/TiO2/玻纤光催化降解甲醛的反应动力学进行了初步研究,结果表明:以WO3/TiO2/玻纤为光催化剂,光催化降解甲醛反应符合一级反应动力学规律。