Toward Artificial Cells: Novel Advances in Energy Conversion and Cellular Motility

The demand to discover every single cellular component has been continuously increasing along with the development of biological techniques. The bottom‐up approach to construct a cell‐mimicking system from well‐defined and tunable compositions is accelerating, with the ultimate goal of comprehending a biological cell. From among the available techniques, the artificial cell has been increasingly recognized as one of the most powerful tools for building a cell‐like system from scratch. This review summarizes the development of artificial cells, from a pure giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) to a controllable, self‐fueled proteoliposome, both of which are highly compartmentalized. The basic components of an artificial cell, as well as the optimal conditions required for successful, reproducible GUV formation and protein reconstitution, are discussed. Most importantly, progress in studying the metabolic reactions in and the motility of a reconstituted artificial cell are the main focus of the review. The ability to perform a complicated reaction cascade in a controllable manner is highlighted as a promising perspective to obtaining an autonomous and movable GUV.     

Conjugated Porous Polymers Based on BODIPY and BOPHY Dyes in Hybrid Heterojunctions for Artificial Photosynthesis

Developing highly efficient photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis is one of the grand challenges in solar energy conversion. Among advanced photoactive materials, conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) possess a powerful combination of high surface areas, intrinsic porosity, cross-linked nature, and fully π-conjugated electronic systems. Here, based on these fascinating properties, organic–inorganic hybrid heterostructures composed of CPPs and TiO₂ for the photocatalytic CO₂ reduction and H₂ evolution from water are developed. The study is focused on CPPs based on the boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and boron pyrrol hydrazine (BOPHY) families of compounds. It is shown that hybrid photocatalysts are active for the conversion of CO₂ mainly into CH₄ and CO, with CH₄ production 4 times over the benchmark TiO₂. Hydrogen evolution from water surpassed by 37.9-times that of TiO₂, reaching 200 mmol g_cat⁻¹ and photonic efficiency of 20.4% in the presence of Pt co-catalyst (1 wt% Pt). Advanced photophysical studies, based on time-resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, reveal the creation of a type II heterojunction in the hybrids. The unique interfacial interaction between CPPs and TiO₂ results in longer carriers’ lifetimes and a higher driving force for electron transfer, opening the door to a new generation of photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis.     

腐植酸在作物生长发育化学控制中的作用及机理探讨

腐植酸在作物生长发育化学控制中有刺激生长、改善品质和提高抗逆能力等作用。其作用机制在于可促进对营养物质的吸收、提高酶的活性、调节内源激素合成、增强呼吸强度和提高光合作用效率等。     

水分胁迫对白三叶光合特性的影响

以品种“海发”为试材,研究了水分胁迫对白三叶（Trifolium repens）叶片光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,土壤相对含水量为75%和50%时,白三叶的光合参数日变化呈双峰趋势,叶绿素荧光参数受到的影响不大,说明白三叶在这两种水分条件下能够正常生长;土壤相对含水量为25%时,PSⅡ反应中心遭到破坏,原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ电子传递量子产量（ΦPSⅡ）和光化学猝灭系数降低;净光合速率、蒸腾速率下降明显,日变化曲线表现为单峰特征,气孔导度显著降低,而胞间CO2浓度升高,非气孔限制成为Pn下降的主要原因;说明白三叶在重度干旱（HD）条件下,生理机能遭到破坏,不能正常生长。     

光照强度对伪鱼腥藻生长及光合活性的影响

为研究光照强度对一种常见淡水水华蓝藻伪鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.)生长及光合活性的影响,根据自然界光照强度范围,设计5个光照强度梯度,采用实验室纯培养方法,开展为期16 d的实验研究.实验过程中对伪鱼腥藻的生物量水平、叶绿素荧光参数和关键色素比例进行跟踪监测,结果发现,在500～2 500 lx,伪鱼腥藻的最适生长光照强度为1 500 lx,其比增长速率从高到低排列为1 500 lx,1 000 lx,2 000 lx,2 500 lx,500 lx.伪鱼腥藻的光合活性受光照强度影响显著,培养一段时间后,伪鱼腥藻的光合速率和光能利用效率与光照强度显著负相关,第11天相关系数分别为-0.939(P0.05)和-0.978(P0.01),半饱和光强与光照强度显著正相关,第11天相关系数为0.976(P0.01).伪鱼腥藻属于低光照强度耐受型蓝藻,且具备自身调节机制应对光照不足或光照过强,易于在光照不足或光强波动较大的水体中占据优势,其暴发相对不易受水深和光强的限制,不宜采用垂向扰动或遮光的抑藻措施对其进行控制.上述发现为地表水体中伪鱼腥藻的预测和控制提供了理论基础.     

稀土元素对光合作用影响的研究进展

探讨了稀土元素对叶绿素形成及叶绿素a/b比值和叶绿化结构的影响,介绍了天然植物体内稀土叶绿素的发现,对人工培养的植物体内稀土叶绿素进行了研究,得出了稀土离子不仅能提高作物抗性,而且能提高农作物的产量和品质。     

LED植物照明灯具的安全和性能测试要求

随着LED照明技术的发展,LED光源在植物照明领域的应用越来越广。本文依据灯具及光源的安全和性能检测标准,结合工作实践,针对LED植物照明灯在日常检验中应注意的问题,分别从安全要求、性能要求两方面进行了详细分析,为相关企业生产设计LED植物照明灯具产品提供参考。     

Dye sensitized CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> reduction over pure and platinized TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

TiO₂ thin and thick films promoted with platinum and organic sensitizers including novel perylene diimide dyes (PDI) were prepared and tested for carbon dioxide reduction with water under visible light. TiO₂ films were prepared by a dip coating sol–gel technique. Pt was incorporated on TiO₂ surface by wet impregnation [Pt(on).TiO₂], or in the TiO₂ film [Pt(in).TiO₂] by adding the precursor in the sol. When tris (2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) chloride hexahydrate was used as sensitizer, in addition to visible light activity towards methane production, H₂ evolution was also observed. Perylene diimide derivatives used in this study have shown light harvesting capability similar to the tris (2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) chloride hexahydrate.     

对施用399植物生长剂的小麦特征的电镜观察

399值物生长剂是一件新型的物理农业技术产品.对使用和不使用399值物生长剂的小麦成熟植株,用环境扫描电镜观察了其根、茎、叶和麦粒部位的结构.通过对照,对该生长剂的功效进行探讨,发现该生长剂能有效的增强细胞光合作用的效率,从而能有效提高小麦的产量.     

光化学合成维生素D2和D3

综述了光化学法合成维生素Ｄ２和Ｄ３的研究进展。