利用叶绿素荧光参数筛选抗盐菊芋品种的初步研究

对砂培菊芋幼苗试验材料("大丰"品种(耐盐性较强)和"无锡"品种(耐盐性较弱))分别进行了不同 NaCl 浓度(0、50、100、150mmol/L)的胁迫处理,利用叶绿素荧光测定技术,对"大丰"和"无锡"的生物量、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数和净光合速率(Pn)的变化进行了研究.结果表明,NaCl 胁迫显著影响植株生物量、叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数和Pn,但"大丰"幼苗生长受盐胁迫的影响小于"无锡",其光合机构受盐胁迫的伤害程度小于"无锡";叶片叶绿素含量的下降与荧光参数和Pn的变化呈极显著相关关系,叶片的叶绿素荧光参数和Pn的显著变化同步于叶绿素含量的下降.因此,叶绿素荧光参数可作为菊芋抗盐品种筛选的诊断指标之一.     

Covalent Organic Frameworks Enable Sustainable Solar to Hydrogen Peroxide

As a chemical product with rapidly expanding demand in the field of modern energy and environmental applications, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) has garnered widespread attention. However, the existing industrial production of H₂O₂ is plagued by high energy consumption, harmful waste emission, and severe safety issues, making it difficult to satisfy the environmental/economic production concept. Artificial photosynthesis offers a viable strategy for green and sustainable H₂O₂ production since it uses sunlight as an energy source to initiate the reaction of oxygen and water to produce H₂O₂. Among various photocatalysts, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), featuring highly ordered skeletons and well-defined active sites, have emerged as promising photocatalysts for H₂O₂ production. This review presents the nascent and burgeoning area of photocatalytic H₂O₂ production based on COFs. First, a brief overview of photocatalytic technology is provided, followed by a detailed introduction to the principles and evaluation of the photocatalytic H₂O₂ generation. Subsequently, the latest research progress on the judicious design of COFs for H₂O₂ photosynthesis is expounded, with a particular emphasis on manipulating the electronic structures and redox active sites. Finally, an outlook on the challenges and future opportunities is proposed, in the hope of stimulating further explorations of novel molecular-designed COFs for sustainable photosynthesis.     

节水灌溉条件下旺长期烤烟叶片细胞液质量分数的影响因素分析

在蒸渗仪控制条件下就旺长期烤烟叶片细胞液质量分数的影响因子进行相关研究。结果表明:施氮量的增加对旺长期烤烟叶片蒸腾作用和光合作用的促进作用远大于对烤烟吸收水分的促进作用,在一定程度上提高了烤烟叶片细胞液质量分数;旺长期烤烟叶片细胞液质量分数随施氮量增加而增加,总施氮量超过67.5 kg/hm2时旺长期烤烟叶片细胞液质量分数减小;旺长期烤烟叶片细胞液质量分数与0~20 cm以及20~40 cm土层土壤含水率呈现负相关关系,与烟株水分蒸腾速率及烟株光合速率的负相关达到显著水平。     

对施用399植物生长剂的小麦特征的电镜观察

399值物生长剂是一件新型的物理农业技术产品.对使用和不使用399值物生长剂的小麦成熟植株,用环境扫描电镜观察了其根、茎、叶和麦粒部位的结构.通过对照,对该生长剂的功效进行探讨,发现该生长剂能有效的增强细胞光合作用的效率,从而能有效提高小麦的产量.     

Antenna Protein Clustering In Vitro Unveiled by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

Antenna protein aggregation is one of the principal mechanisms considered effective in protecting phototrophs against high light damage. Commonly, it is induced, in vitro, by decreasing detergent concentration and pH of a solution of purified antennas; the resulting reduction in fluorescence emission is considered to be representative of non-photochemical quenching in vivo. However, little is known about the actual size and organization of antenna particles formed by this means, and hence the physiological relevance of this experimental approach is questionable. Here, a quasi-single molecule method, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), was applied during in vitro quenching of LHCII trimers from higher plants for a parallel estimation of particle size, fluorescence, and antenna cluster homogeneity in a single measurement. FCS revealed that, below detergent critical micelle concentration, low pH promoted the formation of large protein oligomers of sizes up to micrometers, and therefore is apparently incompatible with thylakoid membranes. In contrast, LHCII clusters formed at high pH were smaller and homogenous, and yet still capable of efficient quenching. The results altogether set the physiological validity limits of in vitro quenching experiments. Our data also support the idea that the small, moderately quenching LHCII oligomers found at high pH could be relevant with respect to non-photochemical quenching in vivo.     

Enhancing Biosynthesis and Manipulating Flux in Whole Cells with Abiotic Catalysis

Metabolic engineering uses genetic strategies to drive flux through desired pathways. Recent work with electrochemical, photochemical, and chemocatalytic setups has revealed that these systems can also expand metabolic pathways and manipulate flux in whole cells. Electrochemical systems add or remove electrons from metabolic pathways to direct flux to more- or less-reduced products. Photochemical systems act as synthetic light-harvesting complexes and yield artificial photosynthetic organisms. Biocompatible chemocatalysis increases product scope, streamlines syntheses, and yields single-flask processes to deliver products that would be challenging to synthesize through biosynthetic means alone. Here, we exclusively highlight systems that combine abiotic systems with living whole cells, taking particular note of strategies that enable the merger of these typically disparate systems.     

Macrokinetics and mathematical modelling of quinone reduction by cyanobacteria

The kinetics of the reduction of externally added 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone by blue-green algae of the strains Anabaena PCC 7120 and Anacystis nidulans PCC 6301 were studied in aqueous cell suspensions by electrochemical monitoring of the concentration of the formed hydroquinone. This reaction is of potential interest for bioelectrochemical fuel cells. The experimental curves obtained could be interpreted by a model that takes into account that both substrate and product have to be transported through the microbial cell walls and that the conversion reaction takes place with firstorder kinetics within the microbial cells. No clear evidence was found for the involvement of photosynthesis. It is suggested that the reduction of the quinone probably occurs via the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of endogenous storage product(s), presumably glycogen.