干旱胁迫对不同烟草品种光合生理特性的影响

为了解不同烤烟品种在干旱胁迫条件下光合生理特性的差异,采用盆栽试验比较了韭菜坪2号、黔西1号、毕纳1号、云烟87、云烟97共5个烤烟主栽品种在轻度和重度干旱条件下叶片净光合速率、胞间CO₂浓度、气孔导度、蒸腾速率的变化情况及其与抗旱性的关系.结果表明,在重度干旱胁迫下,各烤烟品种的净光合速率平均下降了48.5%,胞间CO₂浓度提高了80.9%,蒸腾速率降低了33.6%,气孔导度降低了72.7%.5个烤烟品种中,黔西1号和云烟97光合速率下降幅度小,对水分胁迫的忍耐力较强,表现出较好的抗旱性.     

稀土元素对光合作用影响的研究进展

探讨了稀土元素对叶绿素形成及叶绿素a/b比值和叶绿化结构的影响,介绍了天然植物体内稀土叶绿素的发现,对人工培养的植物体内稀土叶绿素进行了研究,得出了稀土离子不仅能提高作物抗性,而且能提高农作物的产量和品质。     

Cerium relieving the inhibition of photosynthesis and growth of spinach caused by lead

Chloroplasts were isolated from spinach cultured in lead chloride-present, Ce3+-administered, cerium chloride-administered lead chloride-present Hoagland's media or that of Hoagland's media. The experimental study demonstrated the effects of cerium (Ce) on distribu-tion of light energy and photochemical activities of spinach chloroplast grown in lead (Pb)-present media. It was observed that Pb2+ signifi-cantly inhibited photosynthesis in spinach, including light absorption, energy transfer from LHCII to photosystem II, excitation energy dis-tribution from photosystem I to photosystem II, and transformation from light energy to electron energy and oxygen evolution of chloroplasts,and decreased spinach growth. However, Ce3+ treatment to pb2+-present chloroplasts could obviously improve light absorption and excitation energy distribution in both photosystems and increase activity of photochemical reaction and oxygen evolution of chloroplasts. The results suggested that Ce3+ under Pb2+ stress could maintain the stability of chloroplast membrane, and improve photosynthesis of spinach chloro-plast, thus promote spinach growth.     

地外人工光合成材料研究进展

太空探索已成为人类共同目标,重返月球、载人火星等人类历史上的重大里程碑任务已逐步实施。如何实现地外极端环境下人类生存和发展已成为载人太空探索的基本能力和基础技术。由南京大学和钱学森空间技术实验室提出的地外人工光合成技术,模拟地球绿色植物的自然光合作用,利用密闭空间废弃资源或地外天体环境中丰富的资源,通过光电催化方法原位、加速、可控地将二氧化碳转化成为氧气和含碳燃料,大幅度降低载人航天器的物资供应需求,支撑可承受、可持续的载人深空探索。本文回顾了近年来国际航空航天领域利用二氧化碳转换生成氧气和碳氢燃料的现有方法,并深入探讨面向地外原位资源利用的人工光合成材料研究进展,期望深化对地外人工光合成材料与技术的认知,有力支撑载人航天发展。     

Macrokinetics and mathematical modelling of quinone reduction by cyanobacteria

The kinetics of the reduction of externally added 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone by blue-green algae of the strains Anabaena PCC 7120 and Anacystis nidulans PCC 6301 were studied in aqueous cell suspensions by electrochemical monitoring of the concentration of the formed hydroquinone. This reaction is of potential interest for bioelectrochemical fuel cells. The experimental curves obtained could be interpreted by a model that takes into account that both substrate and product have to be transported through the microbial cell walls and that the conversion reaction takes place with firstorder kinetics within the microbial cells. No clear evidence was found for the involvement of photosynthesis. It is suggested that the reduction of the quinone probably occurs via the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of endogenous storage product(s), presumably glycogen.     

东白城子站畅流期停测侵蚀CO_2和游离CO_2的探讨

根据东白城子河段近十几年试验监测资料,采用几种化学计量关系,分析论证了该河段的侵蚀CO_2和游离CO_2的含量周期性变化规律,为合理利用这一规律提供科学依据,并为该河段的水质监测评价工作节省了人力、物力、财力。     

Modelling biological processes by using a probabilistic P system software

In this paper we present a probabilistic P system simulator that implements the evolution-communication model proposed in (Cavaliere, 2003) enriched with some probabilistic parameters inspired by the cell biology.After describing the software and its working, we compare the mathematical model used with the biological reality of the cell. Then, we present some mathematical and biological applications showing how one can use this software to simulate simple but interesting biological phenomena, related to respiration and photosynthesis processes in some bacteria.