浅谈道路维修技术与方法

现如今,路面的形式不再是以往的单一形式。伴随着道路工程施工技术的不断发展,已经形成了沥青混凝土路面、特殊沥青混凝土路面、水泥混凝土路面等。而路面形式的多样化也带来了相应的问题,即不同的路面会发生不同性质的破损,这就需要我们采取不同的维修方法。     

玻璃钢夹砂管在上海水电路给水工程的应用

针对上海市水电路给水管道老化以及管线更新困难的问题,决定采用DN900铸铁管内穿DN800玻璃钢夹砂管“管中管”修复技术对该管线进行修复,以期为该技术在城市管网修复中的成功应用提供值得借鉴的经验.     

新型高分子材料在深溪沟电站泄洪冲沙闸补强修复工程中的应用

深溪沟电站工程泄洪冲沙闸工程经过两年的运行,因多种原因冲损较严重。本文简述了多种新型高分子材料在泄洪冲沙闸补强修复工程的主要施工方法,可为类似工程提供技术参考。     

Nonlinear dynamic behavior of rotating blade with breathing crack

This study aims at investigating the nonlinear dynamic behavior of rotating blade with transverse crack. A novel nonlinear rotating cracked blade model (NRCBM), which contains the spinning softening, centrifugal stiffening, Coriolis force, and crack closing effects, is developed based on continuous beam theory and strain energy release rate method. The rotating blade is considered as a cantilever beam fixed on the rigid hub with high rotating speed, and the crack is deemed to be open and close continuously in a trigonometric function way with the blade vibration. It is verified by the comparison with a finite element-based contact crack model and bilinear model that the proposed NRCBM can well capture the dynamic characteristics of the rotating blade with breathing crack. The dynamic behavior of rotating cracked blade is then investigated with NRCBM, and the nonlinear damage indicator (NDI) is introduced to characterize the nonlinearity caused by blade crack. The results show that NDI is a distinguishable indicator for the severity level estimation of the crack in rotating blade. It is found that severe crack (i.e., a closer crack position to blade root as well as larger crack depth) is expected to heavily reduce the stiffness of rotating blade and apparently result in a lower resonant frequency. Meanwhile, the super-harmonic resonances are verified to be distinguishable indicators for diagnosing the crack existence, and the third-order super-harmonic resonances can serve as an indicator for the presence of severe crack since it only distinctly appears when the crack is severe.     

Bacterial inactivation in water,DNA strand breaking,and membrane damage induced by ultraviolet-assisted titanium dioxide photocatalysis

The effects of UV-assisted TiO₂-photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) inactivation of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium) in a liquid culture using different domains of UV irradiation (A, B and C) were evaluated. Structural changes in super-coiled plasmid DNA (pUC19) and genomic DNA of E. coli were observed using gel electrophoresis to demonstrate the photodynamic DNA strand breaking activity of UV-assisted TiO₂-PCO. Membrane damage in bacterial cells was observed using both a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Both UVC-TiO₂-PCO and UVC alone resulted in an earlier bactericidal phase (initial counts of approximately 6 log CFU/mL) in 60 s and 90 s, respectively, in liquid culture. UVC-TiO₂-PCO treatment for 6 min converted all plasmid DNA to the linear form; however, under UVC irradiation alone, super-coiled DNA remained. Prolonged UVC-TiO₂-PCO treatment resulted in structural changes in genomic DNA from E. coli. SEM observations revealed that bacteria suffered severe visible cell damage after UVC-TiO₂-PCO treatment for 30–60 min. S. typhimurium cells showed visible damage after 30 min, which was confirmed using CLSM. All treated cells were stained red using propidium iodide under a fluorescent light.     

非稳定流作用下管涌发生发展的室内试验及理论分析

管涌问题是水利工程中广受关注的一大难题。通常针对管涌的研究是基于稳定水头条件下的,而非稳定流作用下,水位的升降变化与稳定流情况不同,水位势能的转变速率,施加于土颗粒的主动动量异于稳定流,导致土体发生管涌的规律也有别于稳定流情况。首先根据理论公式的计算,提出非稳定流作用下试样发生管涌破坏水头低于稳定流水头的假想;同时指出,试验过程中土颗粒的运移规律在小范围区域内具有很大的随机性。最后,在理论研究的基础上设计试验,通过控制供水水头,使水头在近似正弦曲线变化的情况下升降循环,进行管涌试验。在试验过程中监测试样内部各部位的渗流参数变化情况,对理论进行了验证。     

单轴循环冲击下岩石的动力学特性及其损伤模型研究

利用改进的大直径SHPB试验装置,对花岗岩试件进行单轴循环冲击压缩试验,分析花岗岩在循环冲击载荷下的力学特性及能量吸收规律。通过基于Weibull分布的动态统计损伤模型计算岩石的累积损伤,结合试验曲线分析岩石累积损伤的演化规律。研究结果表明：随着冲击载荷循环作用次数的增加,变形模量变小,试件的屈服应变增大,峰值应力呈降低趋势。岩石的累积比能量吸收值随着冲击次数的增加而增大,且试件破坏前其值增加缓慢,试件破坏时其值急剧增大。基于Weibull分布的动态损伤本构模型的计算曲线与试验曲线具有较好的一致性,该模型能反映岩石的强度与应变、应变率的关系。累积损伤随着循环冲击次数的增加而增大,其增加速率由小变大,试件破坏前累积损伤的增加较为平缓,其主要增量由最后一次冲击破坏产生。     

考虑拟弹性塑性变形的土体弹塑性本构模型

传统弹塑性理论下的关联流动模型用于岩土材料时,对更一般的本构关系的描述难以令人满意,这是因为土的塑性应变增量方向存在非唯一性,这在理论和试验上都已得到证明。传统弹塑性理论是基于塑性应变增量方向具有唯一性的假设之上的,因而不论采用关联流动法则还是非关联流动法则,都难以较好地解决岩土材料本构关系的建模问题,有必要去发展新的理论。同时已有的研究也表明土的塑性应变增量方向不仅取决于总应力,也与应力增量是相关的,即表现出弹性应变的特性。在广义位势理论的基础上,研究塑性应变增量的分解准则,提出了考虑拟弹性塑性变形的土体弹塑性本构模型,把传统不可恢复的塑性应变增量分解为具有弹性应变特性的拟弹性部分和纯塑性部分。拟弹性部分遵从弹性法则,并与应力增量有相同的方向,采用弹性模型表示;纯塑性部分遵从传统塑性理论的假设,方向具有唯一性,可以采用符合塑性理论的假设来建模。这样分解后建立的模型将更为合理和简便,又可以解决土的塑性应变增量方向存在非唯一性的问题。最后通过与试验结果的对比证明了其可行性,对试验结果可得到效果更好的模型。