Upconverting Nanoparticle Relays for Resonance Energy Transfer Networks

Networks of fluorophores arranged at the nanoscale can perform basic computation using resonance energy transfer (RET) to transport and manipulate information in the form of excitons. As excitons travel through RET circuits, they are red‐shifted due to vibrational energy loss at each transfer event. This loss prohibits RET circuits from being cascaded to form larger, more computationally complex systems. To address this issue, a nanoassembly capable of converting three or more low energy excitons into a single high energy exciton is designed and fabricated. Deemed the RET relay, this device uses upconverting nanoparticles to achieve anti‐Stokes energy transfer from near‐infrared excited fluorophores to visibly excited fluorophores. In this work, the relay is explored by first breaking it into its halves. Each fluorophore's ability to donate energy to or from the nanoparticle is characterized by a series of photoluminescence experiments. The adsorption of these fluorophores to the particle is modeled as a Langmuir process, revealing the fractional occupancy of each dye that optimizes energy transfer. A fully functional relay is then demonstrated by exciting the near‐infrared dye and extracting the visible dye's fluorescence. Lastly, the performance of the entire construct is optimized over a small sampling of assembly reaction coordinates.     

Synthesis and Characterization of 2D Molybdenum Carbide (MXene)

Large scale synthesis and delamination of 2D Mo₂CT _x (where T is a surface termination group) has been achieved by selectively etching gallium from the recently discovered nanolaminated, ternary transition metal carbide Mo₂Ga₂C. Different synthesis and delamination routes result in different flake morphologies. The resistivity of free‐standing Mo₂CT _x films increases by an order of magnitude as the temperature is reduced from 300 to 10 K, suggesting semiconductor‐like behavior of this MXene, in contrast to Ti₃C₂T _x which exhibits metallic behavior. At 10 K, the magnetoresistance is positive. Additionally, changes in electronic transport are observed upon annealing of the films. When 2 μm thick films are tested as electrodes in supercapacitors, capacitances as high as 700 F cm^?3 in a 1 m sulfuric acid electrolyte and high capacity retention for at least 10,000 cycles at 10 A g^?1 are obtained. Free‐standing Mo₂CT _x films, with ≈8 wt% carbon nanotubes, perform well when tested as an electrode material for Li‐ions, especially at high rates. At 20 and 131 C cycling rates, stable reversible capacities of 250 and 76 mAh g^?1, respectively, are achieved for over 1000 cycles.     

基于小波能量特征的尾流光信号特征研究

针对舰船尾流激光探测的信号检测与分析问题,提出了利用小波域能量特征进行尾流特征分析的新方法。首先设计了变遗忘因子的自适应抵消器滤除水体后向散射信号与系统噪声,有效地选取了含有目标的信号;其次采用小波包分解方法并按频段的能量形成提取目标特征;最后借助主成分分析方法对特征向量进行降维。通过对试验数据的分析表明,提取的特征能有效地揭示不同性质下的尾流后向散射光信号,提高了对尾流分析的能力。     

Toward Flexible Embodied Energy: Scale-Inspired Overlapping Lithium-Ion Batteries with High-Energy-Density and Variable Stiffness

High performance flexible batteries are essential ingredients for flexible devices. However, general isolated flexible batteries face critical challenges in developing multifunctional embodied energy systems, owing to the lack of integrative design. Herein, inspired by scales in creatures, overlapping flexible lithium-ion batteries (FLIBs) consisting of energy storage scales and connections using LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ (NCM523) and graphite electrodes are presented. The scale-dermis structure ensures a high energy density of 374.4 Wh L⁻¹ as well as a high capacity retention of 93.2% after 200 charge/discharge cycles and 40 000 bending times. A variable stiffness property is revealed that can be controlled by battery configurations and deformation modes. Furthermore, the overlapping FLIBs can be housed directly into the architecture of several flexible devices, such as robots and grippers, allowing to create multifunctionalities that go far beyond energy storage and include load-bearing and variable flexibility. This study broadens the versatility of FLIBs toward energy storage structure engineering of flexible devices.     

Ultrahigh Energy Storage Capacitors Based on Freestanding Single-Crystalline Antiferroelectric Membrane/PVDF Composites

Inorganic/organic dielectric composites are very attractive for high energy density electrostatic capacitors. Usually, linear dielectric and ferroelectric materials are chosen as inorganic fillers to improve energy storage performance. Antiferroelectric (AFE) materials, especially single-crystalline AFE oxides, have relatively high efficiency and higher density than linear dielectrics or ferroelectrics. However, adding single-crystalline AFE oxides into polymers to construct composite with improved energy storage performance remains elusive. In this study, high-quality freestanding single-crystalline PbZrO₃ membranes are obtained by a water-soluble sacrificial layer method. They exhibit classic AFE behavior and then 2D–2D type PbZrO₃/PVDF composites with the different film thicknesses of PbZrO₃ (0.1-0.4 µm) is constructed. Their dielectric properties and polarization response improve significantly as compared to pure PVDF and are optimized in the PbZrO₃(0.3 µm)/PVDF composite. Consequently, a record-high energy density of 43.3 J cm⁻³ is achieved at a large breakdown strength of 750 MV m⁻¹. Phase-field simulation indicates that inserting PbZrO₃ membranes effectively reduces the breakdown path. Single-crystalline AFE oxide membranes will be useful fillers for composite-based high-power capacitors.     

基于微功率无线通信技术的电冰箱能效试验系统的设计（上）

传统的电冰箱能效试验采用的热电偶连接线必须跨越冰箱门才能连接到温度记录仪上,这样必定在冰箱门处产生细小的缝隙,从而影响了间室的密封性,使检测的结果出现误差。该文介绍了一种利用微功率无线通信技术开发的新型检测系统,避免了此类误差的产生,并阐述了该系统的工作原理和软硬件结构。实际应用证明,该系统各方面性能良好,测量数据准确...     

AlGaAs/GaAs tunnel junctions in a 4-J tandem solar cell

TheⅢ-Ⅴcompound tandem solar cell is a third-generation new style solar cell with ultra-high efficiency. The energy band gaps of the sub-cells in a GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs/Ge 4-J tandem solar cell are 1.8,1.4,1.0 and 0.7 eV,respectively.In order to match the currents between sub-cells,tunnel junctions are used to connect the sub-cells.The characteristics of the tunnel junction,the material used in the tunnel junction,the compensation of the tunnel junction to the overall cell’s characteristics,the tunnel junction’s influence on the current density of sub-cells and the efficiency increase are discussed in the paper.An AlGaAs/GaAs tunnel junction is selected to simulate the cell’s overall characteristics by PC1D,current densities of 16.02,17.12,17.75 and 17.45 mA/cm² are observed,with a V_oc of 3.246 V,the energy conversion efficiency under AM0 is 33.9%.     

关于基站空调运行节能的研究

基站空调的电费支出已成为公司的一项庞大开支,为了节约电费支出,在保证基站设备正常工作的前提下进行了空调节能实验.本文论述了实验的目的、依据、原理,并对各试验站的实验结果进行深入分析,总结研讨节能方案.     

板式换热器的污堵与清洗及其对能耗的影响

文中从实际应用角度,叙述了板式换热器的特点和基本工作原理,讨论了换热器工作过程中的热阻问题,分析了换热器污堵后对换热性能的影响因素,并探索了解决污堵问题的方法。最后以数据统计的形式,描述换热器污堵和清洗与能耗的关系。实践证明,定期对换热器进行清洗是确保换热器工作性能正常和降低能耗最有效的方法。     

便携式野外充电器的设计

为了解决手机电源突发断电,满足手机随时随地进行充电的目的,设计了一种太阳能及手摇式多功能手机充电器。使用太阳能电池板,经电路进行直流电压变换后给手机电池充电。手摇发电机产生波动较大的电压后,利用电压变换电路将输入电压整流、滤波、稳压后,得到稳定的充电电压。对220V工频交流电进行整流、滤波、稳压后得到充电电压。后经充电管理电路给电池充电,充电完成后自动停止。该设计具有适用于旅行中野外使用的特点。