石油污染土壤的生态修复

物理、化学技术在修复石油污染土壤过程中会造成二次污染、改变土壤结构,且成本高,在应用上具有一定的局限性。以生物技术为主的联合修复是未来土壤修复的主要发展趋势。文章介绍了石油污染土壤生态修复的概念及修复原理,指出土壤环境容量的确定是实施生态修复的基础,植物、微生物及其联合修复是主要手段。通过对有效环境因子的监控、高效积累植物的筛选及基因工程等技术,必将使石油污染土壤的生态修复有更为广阔的发展前景。     

生物监测在大气污染应急监测的应用

结合实际,文章介绍了生物监测的基本原理、方法和步骤,以及运用到大气污染应急监测中应收集的信息和动植物受害症状的观察方法;介绍了二氧化硫(SO2)、氟化物(F-)、氯气(CL2)、氨气(NH3)、光化学烟雾等常见大气污染物的动植物受害症状和鉴别方法;并指出了植物大气污染危害与热害的区别方法。     

A novel photoelectrocatalytic system for organic contaminant degradation on a TiO2 nanotube (TNT)/Ti electrode

A novel degradation system, combined with photon-efficient thin-film photocatalysis, conventional bulk-phase photocatalysis and photocarrier-efficient electrocatalysis (TBPE), was developed on a vertically ordered one-dimensional (1D) TiO₂ nanotube (TNT)/Ti electrode for the purification of organics. The TBPE system possessed excellent optical, electrochemical, photoelectrochemical and photoelectrocatalytic properties as well as a high mass-transfer coefficient and interfacial activity. The combined degradation of methyl orange (MO) was optimized by varying the rotation angular velocity, applied bias and substrate concentration, and a photoelectrochemical synergetic effect of 62.2% was observed under the optimized conditions for TBPE compared to the individual electrocatalytic (EC) and photocatalytic (PC) systems. To explore the mechanisms, the combined thin-film degradation system of photon-efficient thin-film photocatalysis with photocarrier-efficient electrocatalysis (TPE), and the combined bulk-phase degradation system of conventional bulk-phase photocatalysis with photocarrier-efficient electrocatalysis (BPE), were comparatively estimated. A dramatic increase of 29.4-74.4% was observed in the MO removal efficiency via the thin-film TPE system compared to the bulk-phase BPE system. The results indicated that in the proposed TBPE system on the 1D TNT electrode, the predominant degradation occurred via the TPE system due to its excellent UV utilization efficiency and resultant interfacial photoactivity.     

污水深度回用装置反渗透膜的污染及化学清洗

结合水处理中常见的污染物种类,介绍了污水深度回用装置的反渗透膜污染情况及合理的化学清洗方案。     

平面镜反射系统用于太阳能节能住宅设计与研究

通过借鉴平面镜的反射原理,达到在太阳能板同等面积、同等气象条件情况下,将更多的太阳光聚集到太阳能电池板上,从而使每块太阳能电池板的工作效率提升甚至翻倍的效果,切实做到节省太阳能电池板的投资,在使用同样数量的太阳能电池板条件下,提高太阳能电池板的实际输出功率,实现太阳能光电一体化住宅节能减排的目标.     

汾河水库及其上游水环境状况分析及治理

运用近年水质调查、监测与评价数据,结合汾河水库及其上游流域自然条件、社会经济、水库供水、河流水系分布概况,分析汾河水库及其上游饮用水功能区水环境状况及来自点源、面源的污染因素,指出流域水环境保护工作在污染控制、水源保护、流域水环境监管方面存在的主要问题,认为明确水功能区限制纳污红线,严格控制入河排污总量,实施最严格的水资源管理制度是实现该区域水资源保护目标的关键,提出了节水减排、执法监督、污染源治理、水质监控等水环境治理保护方面的建议。     

Experiments and numerical simulations on transport of dissolved pollutants around spur dike

The flow field around a spur dike has three-dimensional characteristics.In order to analyze the influence of the flow field on pollutant transport,based on a compressive volume of fluid(VOF)scheme,the three-dimensional transient compressive pollutant transport model(CPTM)and the cubic equation(CE)bounded differencing scheme were developed.For the calibration and validation of CPTM,laboratory experiments were carried out in a flume with a non-submerged spur dike.The spur dike was angled at 60°,90°,and 120° from the upstream direction.The simulation results agreed with the experimental results.The simulations and experiments showed that the distribution of pollutant concentration was determined by circumfluence and the main flow.Concentration decay in the circumfluence zone was slower than that in the main flow.Downstream of the spur dike,the concentration fluctuation became intensive with the increase of spur dike angle.     

引进先进装备 调整原料及产品结构增产减污

介绍了福建南纸公司通过引进先进装备和调整原料及产品结构,在提高新闻纸品质和产量的同时,取得了节水节能、低耗环保的综合效益.     

采用表面涂覆抗硫材料的SiC/Pt催化剂的DPF装置催化性能

为解决柴油机在燃用高硫燃料时出现的柴油机颗粒过滤器（diesel particulate filter,DPF）失活现象,对表面涂覆抗硫材料的SiC/Pt催化剂的催化性能展开测试。结果显示：在小型柴油机试验中,贵金属Pt负载的DPF催化剂的平衡温度可下降至300℃,同时涂覆抗硫材料可提升其积炭-再生性能,累计积炭量和单次积炭量均稳定降低。同时DPF装置也可去除气态污染物,NO、CO的转化效率在360℃时分别为10.53%和57.19%。     

地下水污染治理与防治技术研究

从污染物控制和综合管理的角度,对地下水利用现状进行批判性的综述。每座城市的污水在进入地下水系统之前,应尽量减少所有可能来源的砷含量,为了一个可持续的环境,必须大大减少过量的硝酸盐和杀虫剂的使用。为了制定今后可持续地下水使用的成功综合管理办法,建议进行联合水管理,因为这涉及地下水和地表水资源的管理,以加强供水安全和环境的可持续性。从污染物控制和综合管理的角度,批判性地回顾了有关地下水使用的现状,研究不仅从地下水污染治理质量的角度,而且从可持续发展的数量上对地下水的管理都有借鉴意义。