我国城市道路径流水质及污染物控制研究现状

根据我国城市道路径流水质以及污染物控制的研究现状,建议今后应结合现有雨水利用手段,针对不同城市、不同区域、不同路面形式、不同季节、不同降雨类型对雨水径流水质进行系统研究,并利用各种方式对雨水污染物加以控制,以利于更好地开展雨水水质研究工作。     

溅水充氧生物滤池处理农村生活污水的优化研究

采用由缺氧池和溅水充氧生物滤池组成的一体化地埋式装置处理农村生活污水,考察了对有机物及氮、磷的去除效果,在此基础上重点分析了水力负荷及污染物容积负荷对处理效果的影响,并通过模拟试验探讨了溅水盘构造、设置方式等的优化设计方案.结果表明装置对COD的平均去除率为57.1%,对NH4 -N的平均去除率为86.4%,对TN的平均去除率达到了70.6%.为了保证良好的处理效果,应使COD容积负荷＜0.3 kgCOD/(m3·d),NH4 -N容积负荷＜0.08kgNH4 -N/(m3·d),水力负荷＜0.6 m3/(m2·h),且硝化液回流比设定为3较合理.在B型溅水盘的间距为30 cm的条件下,设置2层即可取得较好的充氧效果.     

Using satellite imagery for stormwater pollution management with Bayesian networks

Urban stormwater runoff is the primary source of many pollutants to Santa Monica Bay, but its monitoring and modeling is inherently difficult and often requires land use information as an intermediate process. Many approaches have been developed to estimate stormwater pollutant loading from land use. This research investigates an alternative approach, which estimates stormwater pollutant loadings directly from satellite imagery. We proposed a Bayesian network approach to classify a Landsat ETM(+) image of the Marina del Rey area in the Santa Monica Bay watershed. Eight water quality parameters were examined, including: total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, nutrients, heavy metals, and oil and grease. The pollutant loads for each parameter were classified into six levels: very low, low, medium low, medium high, high, and very high. The results provided spatial estimates of each pollutant load as thematic maps from which the greatest pollutant loading areas were identified. These results may be useful in developing best management strategies for stormwater pollution at regional and global scales and in establishing total maximum daily loads in the watershed. The approach can also be used for areas without ground-survey land use data.     

齐齐哈尔市区地下水动态分析

阐述了齐齐哈尔市区地下水位的变化原因和趋势,分析了该市第四系潜水和第四系承压水的污染现状、污染源及污染原因。提出了防治建议。     

纳滤膜特性及对水中微污染物的控制

随着膜技术的发展与应用,20世纪80年代出现的纳滤膜充分弥补了反渗透与超滤之间的空白。介绍了纳滤膜的特性及其独特分离特点,阐述了纳滤膜在处理饮用水中有机污染物的必要性和合理性。最后指出了它的应用前景。     

室内装修污染及空气净化

对室内装修容易产生的污染物种类和污染物对人体的危害以及室内空气的净化技术进行了分析,鉴于室内环境污染的现状,提出了预防、减少和控制污染的方法,从而提高居住质量,保证人体健康。     

Fine and ultrafine particle removal efficiency of new residential HVAC filters

Particle air filters used in central residential forced‐air systems are most commonly evaluated for their size‐resolved removal efficiency for particles 0.3‐10 µm using laboratory tests. Little information exists on the removal efficiency of commercially available residential filters for particles smaller than 0.3 µm or for integral measures of mass‐based aerosol concentrations (eg, PM_2.5) or total number concentrations (eg, ultrafine particles, or UFPs) that are commonly used in regulatory monitoring and building measurements. Here, we measure the size‐resolved removal efficiency of 50 new commercially available residential HVAC filters installed in a recirculating central air‐handling unit in an unoccupied apartment unit using alternating upstream/downstream measurements with incense and NaCl as particle sources. Size‐resolved removal efficiencies are then used to estimate integral measures of PM_2.5 and total UFP removal efficiency for the filters assuming they are challenged by 201 residential indoor particle size distributions (PSDs) gathered from the literature. Total UFP and PM_2.5 removal efficiencies generally increased with manufacturer‐reported filter ratings and with filter thickness, albeit with numerous exceptions. PM_2.5 removal efficiencies were more influenced by the assumption for indoor PSD than total UFP removal efficiencies. Filters with the same ratings but from different manufacturers often had different removal efficiencies for PM_2.5 and total UFPs.     

城市污水处理厂泥区废液水质特性分析

采用常规水质分析方法、三维荧光光谱分析方法、超滤分子质量分级分析方法以及色谱法,对3座典型城市污水处理厂的泥区废液水质特性进行了调查分析。结果表明,泥区废液污染物的负荷较高,其水质状况与污水、污泥处理工艺及其运行工况有关。泥区废液中的主要有机污染物种类有类蛋白质、类富里酸及类腐殖酸,各类物质的含量与污泥稳定程度有关,浓缩池上清液和未经消化的污泥脱水滤液以类蛋白质为主,污泥消化后的脱水滤液以类富里酸或类腐殖酸为主。泥区混合废液中表观分子质量〉6ku的有机物所占比例〉70％,泥区废液中内分泌干扰物质壬基酚及其前体物质壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚含量约为1．35～23．01μg／L。     

生物吸附剂及其应用研究进展

本文针对生物吸附剂的研究情况进行了综述，介绍了生物吸附剂的种类、预处理方法及固定化方法，分析总结了生物吸附剂的应用领域，并对今后的研究和开发提出了建议。     

等温熔炼炉开创铝熔炼技术新时代

节约两源（资源与能源）与减少污染物排放是一个永恒的话题。铝工业特别是原铝生产工业既是高能耗工业又是高污染行业，节能减排有着重要意义。铝工业下游产品行业的单位产品平均能耗虽然还不到上游产品的1/18，但由于产量大，总能耗高，也应是节能重点行业之一。由美国能源部拨款，阿波格技术公司、爱励公司、德雷克塞尔大学、阿贡国家实验室联合研发的铝合金等温熔炼炉（ITM）在铝及铝合金熔炼技术发展史上有着划时代的意义，与当前的常规反射炉相比，可节能70％，减排80％，铝的烧损下降4个百分点，在节源（资源与能源）减排方面意义重大。等温熔炼炉在美国已商业化试生产成功，正在作扩大试生产工作，并开发大的商业化生产炉，预计2010年美国可能有20％左右的下游铝产品是用此项技术熔炼的，首先得到应用的是铸造行业与压铸件生产行业。此技术不但适合于铝工业，也适用于其他冶金部门，还可用于熔化玻璃。