低NOx燃烧器在燃煤电站锅炉中的应用与前景

当前国内燃煤发电站运行过程中产生的大量NOx是大气污染的主要因素之一,因此,燃煤发电锅炉采用低NOx燃烧器是降低NOx排放的最经济有效措施。分析了NOx成因、影响因素和降低方法,介绍了我国燃煤常规目前使用的几种低NOx燃烧器的各自特点,并分析了低NOx燃烧器的应用前景。     

现代柴油机排气污染物控制新技术

本文简要介绍了我国现行的柴油机排气污染物排放法规,提出了为满足此法规所应采取的措施,并就现代柴油机气污染物控制的新技术予以阐述。     

湖泊水库入流河道排污总量分配方法的探讨

通过对青山水库入湖支流排磷总量分配的实例研究,着重介绍了对封闭性水域按纳污能力确定的“容量总量”进行合理分配的新思路：即根据污染影响叠加原理,建立各支流总磷允许排放率的计算模式,并由此合理分配各入库支流总磷的容许排放总量．从中探讨湖泊、水库等封闭性水域的污染物排放总量控制与水资源保护管理的新途径．     

Using satellite imagery for stormwater pollution management with Bayesian networks

Urban stormwater runoff is the primary source of many pollutants to Santa Monica Bay, but its monitoring and modeling is inherently difficult and often requires land use information as an intermediate process. Many approaches have been developed to estimate stormwater pollutant loading from land use. This research investigates an alternative approach, which estimates stormwater pollutant loadings directly from satellite imagery. We proposed a Bayesian network approach to classify a Landsat ETM(+) image of the Marina del Rey area in the Santa Monica Bay watershed. Eight water quality parameters were examined, including: total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, nutrients, heavy metals, and oil and grease. The pollutant loads for each parameter were classified into six levels: very low, low, medium low, medium high, high, and very high. The results provided spatial estimates of each pollutant load as thematic maps from which the greatest pollutant loading areas were identified. These results may be useful in developing best management strategies for stormwater pollution at regional and global scales and in establishing total maximum daily loads in the watershed. The approach can also be used for areas without ground-survey land use data.     

新建大型燃煤电厂的环保对策

随着国民经济的发展,我国对环保的要求越来越严格,新建的大容量火电厂必须考虑环保标准不断提高的问题。对火电厂的环保要求主要是控制大气污染物、废水和固体废物的排放,以及其他环保措施。大气污染物的控制包括除尘、脱硫和脱氮;废水排放控制主要是排放达标和循环用水以达到节约用水的目的。     

Reaction Kinetics of Ozonation of Trichloroethylene and Benzene in Gas and Liquid Phase

The kinetics of ozonation reactions oftrichloroethylene (TCE) and benzene in gas and liquid phases at101.3 kPa and 298 K was investigated in this paper. The ozonation ofTCE is first order with respect to the ozone concentration and one andhalf order to TCE in the gas phase with the average rate constant 57.30(mol*L-1)-1.5 *s-1, and the TCE ozonation inaqueous medium is first order with respect to both ozone andtrichloroethylene with the average rate constant 6.30(mol*L-1)-1 *s-1. The ozonation of benzene inthe gas phase is first order in ozone but independent of the benzeneconcentration with the average reaction rate constant 0.0011 s-1.The overall kinetics of reaction between ozone and benzene in aqueoussolution is found to be first order with one-half order in both ozoneand bezene, with the average reaction rate constant 2.67 s-1. Itis found that the ozonation rate of pallutants is much quicker than that ofself-decomposition of ozone in both gas and aqueous phase.     

初论长江武汉开发区江段污水处理厂污染物的排放标准

长江大保护下通过对长江嘉鱼、武汉保留区段进行水环境容量分析,介绍长江武汉开发区段现状污水处理厂的排放标准。结果表明,长江嘉鱼、武汉保留区段无富余的水环境容量,该区段新设排污口排放标准拟定在自身区域内减量置换。新建沌口第二污水处理厂、汉南第二污水处理厂和提标改造的纱帽污水处理厂出水CODCr、NH3-N、TP执行一级A排放标准,其中个别指标执行地表水IV类标准,TN≤10 mg/L。达到该标准采取的技术路线为预处理-生物工艺单元组合模式-深度处理单元组合模式,保证单元为深度处理单元,其采用的工艺为高效沉淀池+深床滤池+臭氧氧化。     

烧结机风箱中烟气排放规律及分析

 为了研究烧结机各个风箱中烟气的变化规律,选择某400 m2烧结机为研究对象,通过使用不同的烟气分析仪器对烧结机48个风箱中的烟气进行检测,得出了大型烧结机不同风箱中烟气温度、负压、流速、烟气成分(包括氧气、二氧化硫、一氧化碳、氮氧化物)等的变化规律;将烧结过程的料层分为6个状态,结合料层状态和风箱烟气参数分析了不同风箱对应的料层状态,解析了各个风箱烟气参数变化与料层状态的关联性和各个参数之间的相关性。可以得出,烟气的负压与流速的变化正相关;烟气温度与二氧化硫质量浓度变化趋势一致;氧气体积分数与一氧化碳、氮氧化物质量浓度变化呈现负相关趋势;一氧化碳和氮氧化物质量浓度变化一致;不同风箱烟气参数变化与风箱对应的烧结料层状态密切相关。     

杨木NaOH常压浸渍废液污染物成分和可生化性分析

采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)定性、定量分析了杨木NaOH常压浸渍废液的污染成分,以确定其污染特性和可生化性评价。结果表明,废液中含有的有机物结构包括苯环、羟基、醚基、氨基、酚羟基、—OCOR助色基团和羰基等基团;可能含有的有机物种类有烷烃、酚或醇、芳香族化合物、糖、醚类、酚类、羧酸类物质等;相对含量较多的为酯类、烷烃类、芳香族化合物、醛酮类以及有机酸等有机化合物。木质素浓度为2539 mg/L,糖类物质浓度为4728 mg/L;废液的悬浮物浓度、可溶性固形物浓度、可溶性有机固形物浓度分别为4636、4878和860 mg/L;其CODCr、BOD5浓度分别为29216 mg/L和19400 mg/L,C∶N∶P=100.15∶4.62∶1。废液中污染物成分复杂,有机污染物浓度较高,废液具有良好的可生化性。若对废液进行厌氧处理时可能需补充N、P元素。废液中硫酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和氨氮等抑制厌氧处理过程的污染物含量未达到抑制浓度。     

高压脉冲放电等离子体降解有机废水数学模型

采用无因次化方法将脉冲放电过程中4-氯酚的降解率及其影响因素进行关联,建立降解过程的数学模型,该模型可以较好地预测脉冲放电过程中废水中4-氯酚降解率及质量浓度的变化,并且能够在一定程度上反映出脉冲放电等离子体降解有机物过程的内在特性。