基于计算机视觉的高速路面状态检测方法

路面状态检测技术是辅助高速公路监管部门及时发现结冰、积雪等不良路况的重要手段。针对传统基于硬件设备的路面状态检测技术存在成本较高、检测范围受局限等问题,提出了一种基于计算机视觉的高速路面状态检测方法。该方法首先将融合了空间注意力机制和通道注意力机制的Attention模块与具有高分割精度的U-Net网络相结合,对路面区域图像进行分割提取;之后实现了一种基于循环生成对抗网络的路面阴影消除算法,对已经提取的路面图像进行阴影消除;最后基于残差结构构建了路面状态分类器,实现高准确率的路面状态检测。实验结果表明,采用该方法可以消除路面状态检测过程中高速公路两侧景物和路面阴影对状态检测带来的干扰,实现了对路面干燥、积雪、积水和结冰4类状态的准确识别。基于高速公路监控视频进行测试时,识别率可达97.9%。     

低密度脑电自适应去噪方法

便携式和可穿戴设备的低密度脑电图更便于实际使用,但会受到多种不可预知的噪声影响,给去噪带来极大的困难。脑活动成分较为相似,在特征空间分布较为紧密,而噪声成分与脑电成分不同,差异性大,在特征空间分布较为分散。本文提出了一种低密度脑电自适应去噪方法,采用小波分解和盲源分离方法提取潜在成分,并基于脑电和噪声成分在特征空间的分布特性,采用单类支持向量机识别并去除远离成分分布中心的异常成分。仿真数据的定量分析结果表明,提出的方法在肌电、眼电和工频等噪声抑制方面均优于现有方法;通过对真实脑电数据的成分簇可视化分析,直观展示了低密度脑电噪声有效去除的原因。结合盲源分离和异常检测的思路进行低密度脑电去噪,不需要设定特定噪声相关的特征参数,能够自适应地去除多种类型噪声同时有效保留脑活动成分,具有优良的性能和实用性。     

环境在线监测系统在大型煤炭企业中的应用

以开滦集团建设的环境在线监测系统为例,详细介绍了该系统的结构、工作原理及功能。实际应用表明,该系统可对各排污口的污染物排放情况进行实时在线监测、预警,提高了大型矿区的环境质量。     

综采工作面支架安全快速拆除新工艺

针对传统综采工作面支架拆除工艺在安全、施工速度、材料耗费等方面的不足,以张集煤矿1214(3)工作面支架拆除工程为例,介绍了一种改进的综采工作面支架安全快速拆除新工艺。该新工艺顶部采用锚梁网支护,帮部只采用锚杆支护,简化了通道支护工艺;采用多台支架作为掩护架,提高了支架拆除的安全性;通道顶板随着掩护支架的前移自行垮落,不需维护。实践证明,该综采工作面支架拆除新工艺安全、快速,取得了明显的经济和技术效益。     

Development of a pit filling algorithm for LiDAR canopy height models

LiDAR canopy height models (CHMs) can exhibit unnatural looking holes or pits, i.e., pixels with a much lower digital number than their immediate neighbors. These artifacts may be caused by a combination of factors, from data acquisition to post-processing, that not only result in a noisy appearance to the CHM but may also limit semi-automated tree-crown delineation and lead to errors in biomass estimates. We present a highly effective semi-automated pit filling algorithm that interactively detects data pits based on a simple user-defined threshold, and then fills them with a value derived from their neighborhood. We briefly describe this algorithm and its graphical user interface, and show its result in a LiDAR CHM populated with data pits. This method can be rapidly applied to any CHM with minimal user interaction. Visualization confirms that our method effectively and quickly removes data pits.     

基于颜色空间变换的遥感图像去厚云方法

由于气候条件等因素,获取清晰无云的大面积遥感图像几乎不可能。在所获取的遥感图像中常含有大量的厚云完全遮盖了地表的实际地物情况。提出了一种基于遥感自动分类和颜色空间变换的多时相遥感图像厚云去除方法。实验结果表明,该方法不但能够去除厚云,而且能够很好地校正不同时相遥感图像间的颜色和亮度差异。     

基于类型标志镜头与词袋模型的体育视频分类

基于内容的体育视频分类是高效管理大量体育视频数据的关键步骤之一,为提高体育视频分类方法的正确率及泛化能力,提出一种基于类型标志镜头与视觉词袋模型相结合的体育视频分类方法.首先给出类型标志镜头的定义,并通过类型标志镜头构建该镜头视频帧训练库;然后构建基于视频帧训练库的金字塔视觉词袋模型,将视频帧标志为归一化的词频向量,使用SVM对视频帧进行分类;再通过分析视频帧分类错误的原因及表现形式提出基于时序连续性孤立帧去除算法,以消除视频帧的错误归类.由于体育视频按组合类型可分为单一体育视频与混合体育视频,因此分别提出了单一体育视频及混合体育视频2种分类算法.实验结果表明,文中算法具有实现简单、处理速度快和准确度高的优点.     

Hyper least squares fitting of circles and ellipses

This work extends the circle fitting method of Rangarajan and Kanatani (2009) to accommodate ellipse fitting. Our method, which we call HyperLS, relies on algebraic distance minimization with a carefully chosen scale normalization. The normalization is derived using a rigorous error analysis of least squares (LS) estimators so that statistical bias is eliminated up to second order noise terms. Numerical evidence suggests that the proposed HyperLS estimator is far superior to the standard LS and is slightly better than the Taubin estimator. Although suboptimal in comparison to maximum likelihood (ML), our HyperLS does not require iterations. Hence, it does not suffer from convergence issues due to poor initialization, which is inherent in ML estimators. In this sense, the proposed HyperLS is a perfect candidate for initializing the ML iterations.     

Enhanced Texture‐Based Terrain Synthesis on Graphics Hardware

Curvilinear features extracted from a 2D user‐sketched feature map have been used successfully to constraint a patch‐based texture synthesis of real landscapes. This map‐based user interface does not give fine control over the height profile of the generated terrain. We propose a new texture‐based terrain synthesis framework controllable by a terrain sketching interface. We enhance the realism of the generated landscapes by using a novel patch merging method that reduces boundary artefacts caused by overlapping terrain patches. A more constrained synthesis process is used to produce landscapes that better match user requirements. The high computational cost of texture synthesis is reduced with a parallel implementation on graphics hardware. Our GPU‐accelerated solution provides a significant speedup depending on the size of the example terrain. We show experimentally that our framework is more successful in generating realistic landscapes than current example‐based terrain synthesis methods. We conclude that texture‐based terrain synthesis combined with sketching provides an excellent solution to the user control and realism challenges of virtual landscape generation.     

活性炭对原水中有机污染物去除效果的研究

文中针对原水水质特点,利用常规+活性炭吸附工艺对原水进行处理,着重分析了活性炭对有机物的去除效果。