室内空气生物污染及其防治措施

综合分析了产生病态建筑(SBS)的主要原因之一:室内空气生物污染.对其种类、来源、对人类健康的影响机理,以及防治措施作了阐述,评价了现行措施的优劣,并介绍了目前室内生物污染的研究动态.     

自动控制工业锅炉排污系统的一种设计方法

锅炉的连续排污和定期排污在锅炉运行和维护中起着至关重要的作用，本文介绍了一种工业锅炉排污系统的自动控制方法，该排污控制系统的应用，对于提高锅炉运行管理水平、节能降耗以及环境保护等方面有着重要的意义。     

城市秋季大气PM10中的有机污染特征研究--以北京市西北城区为例

使用大流量采样仪在北京西北城区采集了大气中可吸入颗粒物(PM10)样品，利用CCl4和CH4Cl3对样品中的可溶有机物进行萃取分离，结果表明虽然PM10的总质量浓度变化较大，但可溶有机物的质量浓度变化很小。应用气相色谱(GC)，气相色谱／质谱(GC／MS)对可溶有机物中饱和烃、芳烃的组成和分布特征进行了分析。西北城区大气中含有种类繁多的由化石燃料不完全燃烧所产生的饱和烃类污染物，这表明化石燃料不完全燃烧对西北城区大气的污染有很大影响。GC／MS分析还检测出了100多种多环芳烃(PAHs)，其中有10种是属于美国国家环保局(US—EPA)优先控制污染物，怀疑具有致癌性。由机动车排放的苯并[k]萤蒽的浓度在这些优先控制污染物中浓度最高，所以由机动车尾气带来的污染也是一个重要方面。     

Plasma Induced Degradation of Benzidine in Aqueous Solution

The degradation of benzidine in aqueous solution by the low temperature plasma was examined. The results showed that the concentration of medium and the value of pH have an appreciable effect on the degradation of benzidine. What is more important is that iron ions acting as a catalyst play an important role in this reaction. For exploring the degradation mechanism of benzidine, some of the intermediate products were recorded by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography).     

酶在废物处理中的潜在作用

介绍固态、液态和有害废物的酶促反应处理系统的进展,报道各种植物及微生物的酶类在废物处理应用领域的重要作用。酶可以作用于特定的难降解污染物,通过产生沉淀或转化的方式将它们去除。酶还可以改变废物的性质,或使其更易处理,或将废物材料转变为有价值的产品。强调今后应努力研究的方面,包括反应副产物的鉴定、反应产物的处置及酶法处理费用的降低等。     

KMnO4药剂与紫外光联用去除难降解有机污染物的研究

对高锰酸钾药剂处理难降解有机污染物的可行性进行了研究结果表明高锰酸钾不仅能用于微污染物的处理，同样也可用于难降解有机污染物的处理高锰酸钾药剂与紫外光联用深度处理垃圾渗滤液，具有优良的除污染效能．CODcr去除率达80％，UV335退色率达95％以上．还具有很好的灭菌作用．是一种高效、经济的除污染技术．在垃圾渗滤液的深度处理中具有很好的应用前景．     

Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of novel ternary ZnO/AgI/Ag2CrO4 nanocomposites as visible-light-driven photocatalysts with excellent activity

This work reports ultrasonic-assisted preparation of novel ternary ZnO/AgI/Ag₂CrO₄ nanocomposites as excellent visible-light-driven photocatalysts. The ZnO/AgI/Ag₂CrO₄ nanocomposite with 20% of Ag₂CrO₄ has the superior activity in degradation of rhodamine B. Activity of this nanocomposite is nearly 167, 6.5, and 45-fold higher than those of the ZnO, ZnO/AgI, and ZnO/Ag₂CrO₄ samples, respectively. The ternary nanocomposite also showed enhanced activity relative to its counterparts for degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange as two dye pollutants under visible-light irradiation. The UV–vis DRS and PL spectra confirmed that the excellent photocatalytic activities are due to more visible-light absorption ability and efficiently separation of the charge carriers. Based on the effects of different scavengers, it was found that superoxide ions are the primary reactive species to cause the degradation reaction. Furthermore, the highly enhanced activity of the ternary nanocomposite was described using a proposed mechanism.     

Real-time characterization of aerosol particle composition,sources and influences of increased ventilation and humidity in an office

Most of human exposure to atmospheric pollutants occurs indoors, and the components of outdoor aerosols may have been changed in the way before reaching indoor spaces. Here we conducted real-time online measurements of mass concentrations and chemical composition of black carbon and the non-refractory species in PM_2.5 in an occupied office for approximately one month. The open-close windows and controlled dampness experiments were also performed. Our results show that indoor aerosol species primarily originate from outdoors with indoor/outdoor ratio of these species typically less than unity except for certain organic aerosol (OA) factors. All aerosol species went through filtration upon transport indoors. Ammonium nitrate and fossil fuel OA underwent evaporation or particle-to-gas partitioning, while less oxidized secondary OA (SOA) underwent secondary formation and cooking OA might have indoor sources. With higher particulate matter (PM) mass concentration outdoors than in the office, elevated natural ventilation increased PM exposure indoors and this increased exposure was prolonged when outdoor PM was scavenged. We found that increasing humidity in the office led to higher indoor PM mass concentration particularly more oxidized SOA. Overall, our results highlight that indoor exposure of occupants is substantially different from outdoor in terms of mass concentrations and chemical species.     

Particulate matter emitted from ultrasonic humidifiers—Chemical composition and implication to indoor air

Household humidification is widely practiced to combat dry indoor air. While the benefits of household humidification are widely perceived, its implications to the indoor air have not been critically appraised. In particular, ultrasonic humidifiers are known to generate fine particulate matter (PM). In this study, we first conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the size, quantity, and chemical composition of PM generated by an ultrasonic humidifier. The mass of PM generated showed a correlation with the total alkalinity of charge water, suggesting that CaCO₃ is likely making a major contribution to PM. Ion chromatography analysis revealed a large amount of SO₄²⁻ in PM, representing a previously unrecognized indoor source. Preliminary results of organic compounds being present in humidifier PM are also presented. A whole-house experiment was further conducted at an actual residential house, with five low-cost sensors (AirBeam) monitoring PM in real time. Operation of a single ultrasonic humidifier resulted in PM_2.5 concentrations up to hundreds of μg m⁻³, and its influence extended across the entire household. The transport and loss of PM_2.5 depended on the rate of air circulation and ventilation. This study emphasizes the need to further investigate the impact of humidifier operation, both on human health and on the indoor atmospheric chemistry, for example, partitioning of acidic and basic compounds.