通风与室内空气品质

介绍了室内外空气污染来源及其对人体健康的危害,分析了通风换气的三种基本形式,重点阐述了各种通风形式对稀释、消除室内有害气体的方式和作用.得出结论：通风换气是改善室内空气品质最方便快捷的方法.     

基于GIS技术的农村非点源污染分析——以渠县境内巴河州河汇流断面上游区域为例

为了有效地分析巴河州河汇合口(渠县境内)以上流域非点源污染问题,应用GIS技术进行水文分析(水系提取、流域划分)以及污染源的空间分异分析。基于评估区的水环境污染现状,选取城镇居民生活污水、农村居民生活污水、城镇地表径流、集中式畜禽养殖、化肥污染五大污染源,采用源强系数法和输出系数法进行COD、TN、TP 3种污染物的流失量计算,并分析其污染负荷,。结果表明:(1)评估区的91.93%的负荷来源于为农村居民生活污水、化肥污染、和城镇居民生活污水,最主要的污染源为农村居民生活污水。(2)评估区重点治理乡镇为三汇镇。研究成果较为清晰地分析出研究区非点源污染的分布情况,指出了需要重点治理的地域和污染源。     

原油及油品体系微生物损害的研究

油品在加工、储运过程中存在着许多适宜于微生物生长繁殖的环境,有充足的碳源、水、氧和所需的其它有机物、无机物。当微生物在某一环节大量繁殖后,将造成油品的污染、降级;长期带菌,也会给设备带来严重的腐蚀和损坏。探讨了以脱硫弧菌、脱氮硫杆菌、亚铁杆菌为代表的有害厌氧菌和好氧菌的腐蚀机理,总结了微生物腐蚀的几种方式。最后概括了原油及油品体系的杀菌现状,并介绍了一种新型油品专用杀菌剂。     

阳宗海流域冬季典型农村污水污染特征及水质评价

为揭示阳宗海流域不同类型农村污水各污染指标的影响因素和分布特征,选取云南省的海晏村(传统型)和大营村(集镇型)的污水进行水样采集,通过方差分析研究其不同污染指标的浓度变化以及不同类型农村污水水质的差异性,并运用主成分分析法对污水进行水质评价。结果表明:阳宗海流域海晏村污水中的TN、COD均明显超过了城镇污水处理厂污染物排放二级标准,大营村的TP、TN、COD均明显超过了二级标准;pH值与氧化还原电位都是农村污水中污染物浓度的重要影响因子;两村的水质具有显著的差异性;传统型农村的水质比集镇型农村的要好,说明对阳宗海流域造成污染风险更大的是集镇型农村污水。     

Advancements in the design and validation of an air pollution integrated assessment model for Spain

This paper describes the design and application of the Atmospheric Evaluation and Research Integrated model for Spain (AERIS). Currently, AERIS can provide concentration profiles of NO₂, O₃, SO₂, NH₃, PM, as a response to emission variations of relevant sectors in Spain. Results are calculated using transfer matrices based on an air quality modelling system (AQMS) composed by the WRF (meteorology), SMOKE (emissions) and CMAQ (atmospheric-chemical processes) models. The AERIS outputs were statistically tested against the conventional AQMS and observations, revealing a good agreement in both cases. At the moment, integrated assessment in AERIS focuses only on the link between emissions and concentrations. The quantification of deposition, impacts (health, ecosystems) and costs will be introduced in the future. In conclusion, the main asset of AERIS is its accuracy in predicting air quality outcomes for different scenarios through a simple yet robust modelling framework, avoiding complex programming and long computing times.     

高浊度微污染黄河水的处理工艺

在混凝处理中采用5%的清水回流与PAC+HPAM联合投加相结合的方法,形成高浊度微污染黄河水的处理工艺。应用该技术对高浊度水进行生产性试验,除浊效果与传统工艺相比约提高40%～50%,对有机物和NH3-N的去除率也有所提高,同时可使出水的致突变活性呈阴性。     

A comprehensive approach to evaluating watershed models for predicting river flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services

Selection of strategies that help reduce riverine inputs requires numerical models that accurately quantify hydrologic processes. While numerous models exist, information on how to evaluate and select the most robust models is limited. Toward this end, we developed a comprehensive approach that helps evaluate watershed models in their ability to simulate flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services. We demonstrated the method using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN (HSPF) model, and Distributed Large Basin Runoff Model (DLBRM) applied to the Maumee River Basin (USA). The approach helped in identifying that each model simulated flows within acceptable ranges. However, each was limited in its ability to simulate flows triggered by extreme weather events, owing to algorithms not being optimized for such events and mismatched physiographic watershed conditions. Ultimately, we found HSPF to best predict river flow, whereas SWAT offered the most flexibility for evaluating agricultural management practices.     

环境污染应急监测方案及实施

针对环境污染应急监测方案展开了探讨。对应急监测方案的内容作了详细的阐述,系统地总结了应急监测方案,并结合贺江铊污染事件,提出在突发性污染事故发生时应如何开展应急监测工作,以期为有关方面的需要提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

工业喷漆的环境污染研究

化工企业对环境的影响较大,其制造的化工产品严重威胁着人们的健康。近年来,随着化工企业的规模越来越大,其带来的环境污染问题也越来越严峻。就工业喷漆对环境污染的状况和治理措施进行了分析、探究。     

半导体光催化氧化在有机废水处理中的应用与研究进展

简要介绍了半导体光催化氧化降解有机物的作用机理,重点阐述半导体光催化氧化在处理有机废水中的应用,并就该技术之不足对其应用前景和发展方向作了展望。