历史时期泥炭吸附重金属铅的国外研究进展

重金属铅(Pb)的污染在现今工业时代日益严重。研究历史时期的Pb污染,对于了解Pb的现代过程具有重要意义。泥炭沼泽是记录地质历史时期Pb沉降的良好载体,尤其是贫营养泥炭沼泽,其中Pb的移动很弱,它记录的大气Pb沉降的指示作用更为准确。富营养泥炭在水-沉积物相互作用对Pb的影响较小的情况下,也可以有效地指示Pb的含量变化。通过贫营养泥炭记录的大气Pb沉降揭示欧洲Pb污染,已经有5000余年的历史。罗马时代、近代出现的Pb污染峰值,分别与罗马时期大规模采矿、近代燃烧含Pb汽油密切相关。未来有关Pb污染史的研究趋势将向定量化的方向发展,并采用实验模拟、数理统计分析等方法,从宏观和微观等多角度进行历史时期Pb污染的研究。     

铝加工厂液压油系统的化学清洗

介绍了轧机液压油系统的特点,并通过中国铝业陇西铝厂的清洗实例,对经过油运二次污染后的液压油系统清洗进行详细介绍,并总结清洗中的注意事项。     

重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术研究进展

土壤重金属污染已成为全球性问题。污染土壤的传统治理方法成本高、效率低,并且还给生态环境带来其它危害。植物修复技术因成本较低、易被公众接受且无二次污染等优点越来越受到重视。介绍了植物修复技术的分类及超积累植物的来源、发展、筛选、应用,就植物修复技术的植物资源进行了综述,并对重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术进行了展望。     

沥青混合料对水环境的影响

为了研究与沥青混合料接触后水质的变化,首先在实验室内成型了10组沥青混合料的马歇尔试件,成型试件时考虑了不同的沥青混合料级配、空隙率和沥青标号,以及添加抗剥落剂等因素,并把试件放入不同pH值的水样中真空饱水24 h;然后按照中国生活饮用水评价指标,测试了真空饱水后水样的pH值、耗氧量、总硬度及重金属含量.结果表明:沥青混合料真空饱水24h后,水质恶化明显,中性水样pH值约增大0.4倍,酸性水样pH值则增大1.7倍以上,在沥青混合料中添加抗剥落剂以及降低沥青混合料的空隙率可以有效降低水样pH值的增大幅度;水样的化学耗氧量增大3～4倍,通过降低沥青混合料空隙率、适当提高初始水样的pH值至中性等方式,可以降低水样中有机物的含量;水样的总硬度增大3～4倍,在沥青混合料中添加抗剥落剂可降低水样总硬度的增大幅度.     

施工噪声环境影响分析及控制在工程中的应用

以曹夫楼保障性安置住房小区为对象,对施工噪声的环境影响进行了分析,并根据施工噪声控制在该建设项目中的应用,对工程噪声污染源、声环境现状、噪声的环境影响等方面进行了论述,并提出了施工噪声的防治措施。     

某高层住宅商业烟囱的设计与施工

目前对在高层住宅建筑中设置商业烟囱的重视度不够,缺乏经验,存在各种问题。该文通过对某高层住宅商业烟囱的设计与施工的分析,总结了经验教训,并提出了意见。     

Transfer of Ultrafine Particles and Air in Multi-storey Buildings

An emerging issue in Denmark is passive smoking in residential buildings where non-smokers are exposed to smoke from their neighbours. There are various ways that smoke is transferred from one flat to another. The air transfer rate between two flats in a multi-storey building depends on its construction, tightness and age. This paper presents results of a study on the transfer of ultrafine particles and tracer gas in an older multi-storey building in Copenhagen. The aim of the study was to quantify the transfer ofultrafine particles and gases from one flat to another fiat before and after sealing the floor. A new floor-sealing method was applied to seal the floor between the two flats. The sealing method was developed by a firm specialising in sealing. Indoor ultrafine particle concentrations and tracer gas were measured continuously in the two fiats during the measuring periods. In the unoccupied fiat, the gas source was N20 and the particle source was burning cigarettes. Reduction of the concentration of ultrafine particles and tracer gas by sealing the floor with polyethylene and joint filler made of bitumen was studied. It was evaluated how the sealing performed with regard to decreasing the amount of ultrafine particles and a tracer gas transferred between two fiats separated by a floor. When the floor between the flats was not sealed, the results showed that about 4% of the ultraflne particles and 14% of the tracer gas were transferred. After sealing, the amount transferred was reduced to 1.6% and 5%, respectively.     

土壤重金属污染特点及修复技术研究

本文综述了生物修复、物理修复和化学修复等不同修复技术在重金属污染土壤修复方面的研究进展,分析了重金属污染土壤各修复技术在实际应用中存在的问题。     

汽车尾气污染与治理技术

针对汽车保有量不断增加,大量的尾气排放破坏了自然空气的新鲜度及影响了区域环境保护工作有序进行的问题,分析了汽车尾气的具体危害,且结合先进的尾气处理技术,提出了治理方案。     

Demonstration of the environmental and demand-side management benefits of grid-connected photovoltaic power systems

This study investigated the pollutant emission reduction and demand-side management potential of 16 photovoltaic (PV) systems installed across the US during 1993 and 1994. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and 11 electric power companies sponsored the project. This article presents results of analyses of each PV system's ability to offset power plant emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), carbon dioxide (CO₂) and particulates and to provide power during peak demand hours for the individual host buildings and peak load hours for the utility. The analyses indicate a very broad range in the systems' abilities to offset pollutant emissions, due to variation in the solar resource available and the emission rates of the participating utilities' load following generation plants. Each system's ability to reduce building peak demand was dependent on the correlation of that load to the available solar resource. Most systems operated in excess of 50% of their capacity during building peak load hours in the summer months, but well below that level during winter peak hours. Similarly, many systems operated above 50% of their capacity during utility peak load hours in the summer months, but at a very low level during winter peak hours.