区域污染物排放分布状况及控制对策研究

文章主要结合重庆市綦江区的实际情况,详细分析了全区主要污染物排放及分布情况,明确了水、气环境污染的主要区域,并有针对性地提出了綦江区污染防治与总量控制的对策和建议.     

ASBR颗粒污泥培养及去除有机物的研究

采用厌氧序批式活性污泥法（ASBR）处理高浓度有机废水,通过接种不同体积的城市污水厂好氧污泥和下水道厌氧污泥成功实现反应器的启动.反应器对COD的平均去除率达到了94.79％,并且系统中脱氮效果较好,TN的平均去除率可达到64.52％,反应器在第39天即形成了颗粒污泥.在此基础上考察了不同污泥浓度对COD去除的影响,试验结果表明反应器中COD的去除率随着污泥浓度的增大而升高,颗粒污泥对COD有很高的去除率并且适应一定范围内的COD污泥负荷的变化.     

Copper recovery and simultaneous COD removal from copper phthalocyanine dye effluent using bipolar disc reactor

Electrochemical treatment of real acidic effluent of copper phthalocyanine dye manufacturing plant with a view to explore the feasibility of the simultaneous removal of copper and phthalocyanine using a bipolar disc electrochemical reactor has been investigated. Experiments were conducted in a bipolar capillary gap disc stack electrochemical reactor under batch recirculation mode. Electrodes were RuO₂ and IrO₂ coated on titanium as anode and titanium as cathode. Effects of current density, electrolysis time and effluent flow rate on copper recovery and simultaneous COD removal and energy consumption were critically examined. The current density of 2.5 A dm⁻² and flow rate of 20 L h⁻¹ achieved 91.1% COD removal and 90.1% copper recovery with the energy consumption of 50.86 kWh kg⁻¹ for COD removal and simultaneous recovery of copper in a bipolar disc stack reactor.     

Optimal design of drainage channel geometry parameters in vane demister liquid–gas separators

Vane liquid–gas demisters are widely used as one of the most efficient separators. To achieve higher liquid disposal and to avoid flooding, vanes are enhanced with drainage channels. In this research, the effects of drainage channel geometry parameters on the droplet removal efficiency have been investigated applying CFD techniques. The observed parameters are channel angle, channel height and channel length. The gas phase flow field was determined by the Eulerian method and the droplet flow field and trajectories were computed applying the Lagrangian method. The turbulent dispersion of the droplets was modeled using the discrete random walk (DRW) approach. The CFD simulation results indicate that by applying DRW model, the droplet separation efficiency predictions for small droplets are closer to the corresponding experimental data. The CFD simulation results showed that in the vane, enhanced with drainage channels, fewer low velocity sectors were observed in the gas flow field due to more turbulence. Consequently, the droplets had a higher chance of hitting the vane walls leading to higher separation efficiency. On the other hand, the parameters affect the liquid droplet trajectory leading to the changes in separation efficiency and hydrodynamic characteristic of the vane. To attain the overall optimum geometry of the drainage channel, all three geometry parameters were simultaneously studied employing 27 CFD simulation cases. To interpolate the overall optimal geometry a surface methodology method was used to fit the achieved CFD simulation data and finally a polynomial equation was proposed.     

Effect of calcium hydroxide removal techniques on the bond strength of root canal sealers

To evaluate the influence of calcium-hydroxide(CH) with different vehicles on the push-out bond strength of different canal sealers to radicular dentin. 152 decrowned single-rooted human teeth were used. After preparation of root canals with nickel-titanium rotary files, 8 roots served as control groups. Then, the roots were divided as follows: (1) Calasept and (2) Surepaste (n = 72). Roots were further subgrouped according to the CH removal techniques: (1) %17 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + rotary file, (2) %17EDTA + hand file, and (3) %17EDTA (n = 24). Eight roots from each group sectioned longitudinally, divided into two pairs and photographed by stereomicroscope (n = 16). The remaining 16 roots in CH intracanal dressing groups were further divided into 2 subgroups according to the sealer used: (1) AH-Plus-jet and (2) Apexit-Plus (n = 8). Bond strengths of the root canal sealers to root canal dentin were measured using a push-out test setup. The data were statistically analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance p = 0.05. The push-out bond strength values were significantly affected by type of vehicle and the removal techniques (p < 0.05). The mean bond strength of AH-Plus-jet was significantly higher than Apexit-Plus, regardless of type of vehicle and the removal techniques (p < 0.05). There was no difference between vehicles on CH removal (p > 0.05). When examining the removal techniques, only irrigation with %17 EDTA left significantly larger amount of residue (p < 0.05). AH-Plus-jet showed better dislocation resistance than Apexit-Plus. Type of vehicle does not play a fundamental role in the degree of persistence of CH residues on the dentin walls. Instrumentation improves the removal efficiency of CH from root canal.     

广州市工业VOCs污染控制管理对策研究

VOCs污染对人体健康和区域生态环境危害性的正逐渐受到重视,但我国在这方面的管控工作才刚刚开始,缺乏足够的经验。以珠三角中心城市广州作为研究对象,分析了工业VOCs污染现状和监管工作中遇到的问题,给出了综合防治管理对策,为区域环境治理工作提供了一定的参考依据。     

多溴代芳烃的应用及降解的研究进展

全面介绍了多溴代芳烃在医药、农药、阻燃剂等领域的应用以及多溴代芳烃污染物对环境和人类健康造成的危害和影响,讨论了多溴代芳烃污染物的已经商业化的降解方法的优缺点和正在处于研究阶段的降解方法。     

Fly ash as a sorbent for boron removal from aqueous solutions: Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies

ABSTRACT

This study presents the application of fly ash from brown coal and biomass burning power plant as a sorbent for the removal of boron ions from an aqueous solution. The adsorption process efficiency depended on the parameters, such as adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, agitation time and initial boron concentration. The experimental data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model and the maximum capacity was found to be 16.14 mg g^?1. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. Also, the intra-particle diffusion model parameters were calculated. Thermodynamic parameters such as change in free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), entropy (ΔS°) revealed on exothermic nature of boron adsorption onto the fly ash.     

CuSO4对氰化提金贫液中SCN-的沉淀效果以及对共存离子浓度的影响

针对氰化提金贫液循环利用过程SCN^-积累以及外排带来的环境污染问题,以CuSO₄作为沉淀剂处理某高浓度SCN^-贫液,考察了沉淀剂用量、沉淀时间及沉淀温度对SCN^-沉淀效果和对共存离子浓度的影响。结果表明,当在贫液中加入1.6倍化学反应计量的CuSO₄后于室温搅拌60 min,SCN^-的去除率达87.5%以上,体系中T_Cu、S₂O₃ ^2-和SO₃ ^2-浓度也大幅降低,同时得到纯度达97%以上的CuSCN产品。沉SCN^-后的贫液只需石灰中和并沉部分SO₄ ^2-后,其活性得到进一步恢复,可直接返回金精矿浸出工序充分利用其中的CN^-,实现提金贫液的循环利用。     

溶剂热合成多级ZnO微球及其光催化降解苯酚

以乙二醇为溶剂,KAc为助剂,采用溶剂热法合成多级ZnO微球。通过改变反应温度来调控ZnO微球形貌,并对合成的ZnO微球进行XRD、SEM、PL和UV-Vis DRS等表征分析。结果表明,合成的ZnO为六方纤锌矿晶体结构,由短纳米棒自组装成多级微球。在紫外-可见光照射下,ZnO表现出优异的光催化降解苯酚活性,180℃合成的ZnO样品光催化活性明显优于其他温度合成的样品。用0.1 g的ZnO降解100 mL浓度为5 mg·L^(-1)的苯酚溶液,光照150 min降解率达94.5%。多级ZnO微球光催化性能的提高可推测为较窄的禁带宽度(3.08 eV)有利于吸收光子,较小的晶粒尺寸(25.38 nm)、粗糙的表面以及中空结构有利于反应液与催化剂表面的充分接触。此外,由捕获实验证实光催化降解苯酚的机理是羟基(·OH)为主要的活性自由基,在苯酚降解过程中起主要作用。