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51.
To investigate the flocculation characteristics of polyacrylamide (PAM)‐grafted chitosan, a series of PAM‐grafted chitosan copolymer (Chito‐g‐PAM1 to Chito‐g‐PAM4) have been synthesized by ceric ammonium nitrate‐induced solution polymerization technique in nitrogen atmosphere. The flocculation characteristics of the polymer samples (PAM, grafted and ungrafted chitosan) were studied by settling test and jar test methods in the colloidal suspensions of kaolin, iron ore, silica, and bentonite powder. It was found that the settling performance of Chito‐g‐PAM3 is best among the polymer samples. The jar test results indicate that the ungrafted chitosan has better water clarifying performance than both the PAM and grafted chitosan. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009 相似文献
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国家《节能减排"十二五"规划》中,在加强城镇生活污水处理设施建设方面,要求到2015年我国城市污水处理率和污泥无害化处置率分别达到85%和70%。阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺作为一种性能良好的污水处理与污泥脱水剂,被广泛应用于污水处理、污泥脱水处理中。阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺具有优良的选择性和适应性,目前世界有五大系列2 000多个品种,世界年总需求量为65万t,年需求增长率为10%。今后我国污泥脱水处理、污水处理、石油开采、造纸等领域对阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的需求量将不断增长。针对阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺制定了系列质量评价方法并对其在水处理应用方面进行了研究。 相似文献
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A novel superabsorbent composite, polyacrylamide/attapulgite, from acrylamide (AM) and attapulgite (APT), was prepared by free‐radical polymerization, using N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The effects of hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration, acidification time, and acidification temperature while acidifying APT and temperature and APT heat‐activation on water absorbency of the superabsorbent composite in distilled water and in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution were studied. The water absorbency first decreases with increasing the HCl concentration while acidifying APT, and then increases with further increasing the HCl concentration. Prolongation of acidification time is of benefit to the increase of water absorbency. At a given HCl concentration, water absorbency for the composite increases with increasing acidification temperature. An important increase in water absorbency was observed after incorporating heat‐activated APT into the polymeric network, reaching a maximum of 1964 g g?1 with the APT heat‐activated at 400°C. Acid‐ and heat‐activation can influence chemical composition, crystalline structure, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and specific surface area of APT according XRF, XRD, FTIR analysis, and physicochemical properties test, and then on water absorbency of corresponding PAM/APT superabsorbent composite. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2419–2424, 2007 相似文献
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Micellization of Anionic Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants and Their Interactions With Anionic Polyacrylamide
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Ruijuan Wang Haitao Yan Wenmin Hu Yanhong Li Zikun Mei 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2018,21(1):81-90
Anionic sulfonate gemini surfactants 8‐s‐8(SO3)2 and 12‐s‐12(SO3)2 (s = 3, 6) were synthesized, and their micellization in aqueous solution at 25.0 °C and pH 9 was investigated. The results show that the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of 8‐s‐8(SO3)2 are more than 2 orders of magnitude larger than those of 12‐s‐12(SO3)2, but the spacer length has a relatively small impact on the CMC. Moreover, the interactions of n‐s‐n(SO3)2 (n = 8, 12; s = 3, 6) with anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) at 25.0 °C and pH 9 were investigated using surface tensiometry, rheolgy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the surface tension and rheological properties of PAM depend on the concentration of n‐s‐n(SO3)2. Below the critical aggregation concentration of C1, surface tension is sharply reduced, the surface tension of n‐s‐n(SO3)2/PAM is lower than n‐s‐n(SO3)2 alone, but viscosity is almost unchanged with increasing Cn‐s‐n(SO3)2. Above C1, surface tension reduces very slowly until the saturated concentration of C2 is reached. Above C2, surface tension rapidly reduces until CM is attained, suggesting free n‐s‐n(SO3)2 micelles begin to form. In the region of C1–CM, the viscosity significantly increases. Above CM, surface tension is basically unchanged and these curves coincide with those of the single surfactant system. Moreover, the viscosity is almost constant. The SEM images indicate that fibrous aggregates are formed below C1, then transformed into multilayer fibrous aggregates above C1, and further into fiber‐braided‐structured and spider‐web‐structured aggregates above CM. The variation of viscosity is closely associated with the transformation of aggregates. 相似文献
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本文采用由氧化还原体系、偶氮化合物和辅助引发剂组成的复合引发体系,通过水溶液自由基共聚合,引发丙烯酰胺与阳离子单体反应得到阳离子聚丙烯酰胺,该产品可用于水处理絮凝剂。阳离子聚丙烯酰胺相对分子质量最高可达2.276×107,阳离子单体质量分数可在1%~100%范围内任意调控。考察了pH值,引发剂浓度、单体质量分数、引发温度和辅助引发剂等添加剂用量对聚合反应的影响。通过正交实验,确定了优化工艺参数;引发剂浓度,6×10-3%(对单体);单体质量分数,20%;pH值,8;引发温度,10℃;四甲基乙二胺浓度,6×10-2%;偶氮二异丁腈浓度,8×10-3%。 相似文献
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聚合物分子量及分子量分布是水解聚丙烯酰胺评价和合成研究的重要指标之一,在研究其黏度、水力学半径、降解规律和聚合物筛选评价等方面有着重要应用。本文简要回顾了黏度法、光散射法、凝胶色谱法、联用技术、场流技术的基本原理及在测定水解聚丙烯酰胺分子量中的应用及发展情况。黏度法设备简单,对操作人员要求较低,易于掌握,是目前主要评价手段;光散射法对样品除尘等要求较高,主要用于机理研究与分析,在大庆油田已有应用;驱油用的水解聚丙烯酰胺由于分子量大、非体积效应显著,应用凝胶色谱技术测其分子量还需要做大量的研究工作;场流技术能有效解决聚合物分子的剪切断裂问题,具有比较广阔的发展前景。 相似文献