多孔介质电渗流动计算流体力学模拟与实验研究（Ⅱ）电渗流动与传质特性

采用流体动力学方法模拟多孔介质内的电渗流动行为，探讨了电场强度、多孔介质的孔隙率等对填充床层中电渗流场、宏观电渗流动及传质特性的影响，并以羟基磷灰石电色谱、采用DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow为介质的离子交换电色谱及Blue Sepharose Fast Flow为介质的亲和电色谱分离过程为例将理论计算结果与实验结果进行了对比，二者吻合较好，证实了上述理论研究的正确性并显示出此方法在发展新型固-液电动分离技术中的应用前景.     

Synthesis of silver/polymer colloidal composites from surface-functional porous polymer microspheres

This study presents a different colloidal silver (Ag)/polymer system where Ag nanoparticles are deposited uniformly onto surface-functional porous poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-co-acrylonitrile) (poly(EGDMA-co-AN)) microspheres. The formation and morphology of the composite microspheres were characterized from electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. The significance of the present report is that owing to the high affinity between Ag and nitrile group (CN) on the large surface of the microspheres, the Ag nanoparticles having a face-centered cubic phase were incorporated evenly into the deep pores of the microspheres with fine size and size distribution. In the preservation test, the Ag/poly(EGDMA-co-AN) composite microspheres obtained showed an excellent anti-bacterial performance, elucidating a high applicability for a new preservative.     

莫来石及多孔莫来石的研究和应用

高温性能稳定,抗热震性能好的莫来石是一种重要的工程陶瓷材料。概述了莫来石的结构、性能,以及在工业上的应用,并对多孔莫来石陶瓷的研究进展和应用进行了介绍。针对莫来石室温力学性能较差的缺陷,讨论了氧化锆和颗粒增韧莫来石的方法。最后,对多孔ZTM陶瓷发展前景进行了展望。     

微孔介质塔板流体力学和传质性能的研究

开发出一种新型微孔介质塔板—泡沫镍塔板 ,并在一个 5 0 0× 5 0 0mm2 有机玻璃方塔内用空气—水系统测定了其流体力学性能指标—塔板压降等 ,用二氧化碳解吸实验测定了塔板效率 ,研究了它们随空塔动能因子、堰高和液流强度变化的规律。实验结果表明 ,此种塔板虽然压降稍大 ,但传质效率很高且没有漏液 ,可用于工业生产中。     

Fabrication of Porous SiC Ceramics with Special Morphologies by Sacrificing Template Method

Sacrificial template technique is widely used in producing porous materials with controlled morphologies and tailored properties. In this paper, unique templates such as filters, carbon nanotube, carbon fiber and silica were used to make porous SiC ceramic with special morphologies. Template derived porous ceramic plates, SiC nano-net, fiber-inverse and bead-inverse porous SiC ceramic were successfully prepared from the preceramic precursor, polymethylsilane (PMS). The synthesis procedures were involved with the infiltration of the templates with appropriate concentration of the preceramic polymer, their curing, pyrolysis and subsequent template removal. The synthesized porous SiC was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and BET methods.     

Flow-induced degradation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in porous media

Summary In this work we present an experimental study of flow-induced degradation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in aqueous solutions flowing through porous media. The degradation is analyzed by passing the solution repeatedly through the medium at a constant flow velocity and the degraded solution is then characterized by porous media and opposed jets flows. When the polyacrylamide is dissolved in deionized water, it exhibits a gradual extension thickening in the flow through porous media and opposed jets. In this case, the polymer degrades as it passes through the porous medium even at relatively low flow rates. When the polyacrylamide is dissolved in an NaCl solution, it exhibits critical extension thickening in porous media flows, and it only degrades at Reynolds numbers that are higher than the onset of the extension thickening behavior. Chain degradation is therefore only encountered when extension thickening is produced. The results also show that the extent of degradation decreases as the pore size decreases.     

Dynamics of fluid circulation in coupled free and heterogeneous porous domains

Fluid flow in coupled free and porous domain, particularly when the porous medium is heterogeneous, is encountered in many hydro-environmental conditions, e.g., leakage from underground pipe, combined groundwater lake-subsurface interactions. One of the most difficult problems in the study of coupled flow behaviour has been the development of a universally applicable modelling scheme for combining the flow regimes. This is because the free/porous interfacial properties (e.g., shear-stress; velocity slip) that govern the coupled flow behaviour are difficult to determine experimentally under hydro-environmental conditions. On the other hand, the implications of various forms of heterogeneity in the porous media properties can be very different on the fluid-flow behaviour. Difficulties may also arise in direct coupling of the model equations that govern the fluid flow in the individual regions (e.g., Navier-Stokes for free-flow region and the Darcy's equation for the porous flow region). Consequently, models of coupled free and porous flow for hydro-environmental conditions are not very well developed at the moment. While there are some indications that fluids in coupled free and porous domains may circulate (i.e., development of flow cells), there is a lack of appropriate 3D analysis on how heterogeneities in porous media may affect such flow patterns. In this paper, we aim to analyse how porous media heterogeneity affects the dynamics of flow circulation in the porous side of a coupled free and porous domain. For this purpose, we analyse flow patterns in several model domains made up of two porous layers with differing permeabilities. The governing model equations are discretised and solved using the standard finite volume method on a staggered cell-centred mesh. The temporal discretisation is done using the explicit method. An in-house graphical user interface (GUI) has been created specifically to aid in the visualisation of otherwise complex flow patterns. The GUI contains many post-processing options and provides a comprehensive tool for the analysis of hydrodynamics and contaminant motion (not discussed in this paper) in coupled free and porous flow domains. This GUI is described in this paper briefly. The effects of altering the aspect ratio (i.e., multi-scale) of the domain on the coupled flow pattern have also been discussed.     

多孔陶瓷分离膜

多孔陶瓷膜由于其优良的耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐微生物侵蚀等性质，近年来被快速地应用于分离领域。本文介绍其制备方法、性能测定及应用前景。     

Surface hydrolysis of filaments based on poly(trimethylene terephthalate) spun at high spinning speeds

The surface alkaline hydrolysis of fibers made from poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) was studied after extruding the polymer at high spinning speeds from 2000 to 6000 m/min and heat setting in the range of temperatures from 100 to 180°C. Fiber weight loss increased with an increasing heat‐setting temperature but it was also dependent on the spinning speed. Some of the partially hydrolyzed fibers had a well‐developed, hydrophilic surface, and pore size in the range of 0.69 to 1.20 μm. The optimum reaction and morphological conditions for increasing porosity in PTT fibers depends on spinning speed and heat‐setting temperature. A temperature of 180°C is the upper limit for heat‐setting PTT filaments but seems to be the most effective for making porous fibers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1724–1730, 2004     

Advanced Sn/C composite anodes for lithium ion batteries

Metallic tin was deposited in fine particulate form on the surface of carbonaceous mesophase spherules (CMS) and in the pores of porous carbon by the decomposition and reduction of tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate at 450 °C. The Sn/C composite powders obtained were used as anode materials for lithium ion cells. Electrochemical cycling tests of coin cells show that the dispersion of tin into the carbonaceous materials enhances the reversible capacity of the electrodes. The capacity retention at the 50th cycle is 91 % for Sn/CMS composite containing 22% tin, against 428 mAh g^–1 at the first cycle. With further increase in tin content, the capacity fade upon cycling is more rapid.