撞击流反应器制备纳米铜粉的研究

在浸没循环撞击流反应器(SCISR)中,采用五水硫酸铜为原料,以硼氢化钾为还原剂制备纳米铜粉。确定了制备纳米铜粉的适宜工艺条件是:Cu2+的浓度为0.2 mol/L,硼氢化钾与硫酸铜物质的量比为1∶1,氢氧化钾与硼氢化钾物质的量比为9∶1,反应温度为40℃,反应时间为10 min,2%(质量分数)聚乙烯吡咯烷酮用量为80 mL。采用TEM和XRD对产品进行表征。所得产品呈近似球形,直径20³0 nm;纯度高,其收率高于98%。     

改性钛酸钾晶须增强聚氨酯跑道面层材料力学及耐久性能研究

采用偶联剂对钛酸钾晶须进行表面改性,再与甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇等原料制备了改性钛酸钾晶须增强聚氨酯跑道面层复合材料。考察了偶联剂种类、改性钛酸钾晶须含量对改性钛酸钾晶须增强聚氨酯复合材料力学性能和耐久性能的影响。结果表明,该材料拉伸强度达到2.9 MPa、扯断伸长率达到340%,经加速老化试验后满足田径场地规定的技术要求。     

用湿法磷酸生产工业级磷酸二氢钾工艺技术的研究

研究用湿法磷酸中和法制备工业级磷酸二氢钾的工艺过程,主要研究了反应终点p H对净化效果及磷收率的影响,以及磷酸浓度对磷收率的影响。研究结果表明:当反应终点溶液p H达到3.96时,铁、铝和氟脱除较完全,钙脱除率其次,镁脱除率较低;磷酸浓度升高,磷收率降低,反应终点p H升高,磷收率也有所降低;在实验条件下,磷酸二氢钾溶液经浓缩、冷却结晶后得到的磷酸二氢钾产品w(KH2PO4)可达99%以上。     

Solubility of potassium ferrate in 12 M alkaline solutions between 20°C and 60°C

The solubility of potassium ferrate (K₂FeO₄) was measured in aqueous solutions of NaOH and KOH of total concentration 12 M containing various molar ratios of KOH:NaOH in the range 12:0 to 3:9. Several analytical methods were tested for the determination of ferrate concentration. The final method chosen consisted of potentiometric titration of the ferrate sample with an alkaline solution of As₂O₃. The assumption was made that ferrate dissociates in concentrated KOH solutions predominantly to KFeO₄⁻. The solubility constant, S, defined as the product of the molar concentration of the potassium ion, K⁺, and the ferrate anion, KFeO₄⁻, was found to be 0·044 ± 0·006 mol² dm⁻⁶ for 20°C, 0·093 ± 0·004 mol² dm⁻⁶ for 40°C and 0·15 ± 0·09 mol² dm⁻⁶ for 60°C. From these results the heat of dissolution of K₂FeO₄ was calculated as −14·3 kJ mol⁻¹. At 60°C the enhanced decomposition of the ferrate at the higher temperature led to a greater deviation in solubility values compared with data for either 20°C or 40°C.     

Genetic Variation of Maize Hybrids in Grain Yield Response to Potassium and Inhibiting Nitrification

Nine maize hybrids were grown under five N levels with or without a nitrification inhibitor (nitrapyrin or an experimental inhibitor, XDE474) to evaluate the effect of inhibiting nitrification on grain yield performance and cannibalisation of nutrients from vegetative tissues during kernel maturation. Grain yield response of these hybrids also was evaluated under a paired combination of four N levels and two K levels. Hybrids responded differently to N, the form of N, and K treatments, and there appeared to be a genetic basis for preference of the form of N (ammonium versus nitrate nitrition). Crosses that involved the Mo17 family responded positively to inhibiting nitrification which provided a larger portion of the N in the ammonium form, but incorporation of early maturing genes reduced the positive response to ammonium nutrition. Like ammonium nutrition, maize hybrids showed a differential response to K treatments, and the availability of a large amount of K early in the growing season produced a negative effect on grain yield. The experimental nitrification inhibitor, XDE474, was more effective than nitrapyrin in increasing grain yield and minimising cannibalisation of nutrients in the leaf tissue.     

铝电解质中的钾脱除技术

针对我国西南地区铝电解质中钾含量偏高的问题,提出了铝电解工序钾脱除技术方案。根据某电解铝企业的实际情况,通过取样分析、理论推导,以及浮选分离试验,提出了具体的实施方案,并论证了方案的可行性。研究结果表明：电解质中的KF易挥发并以KAlF4和K2NaAl3F12、K2NaAlF6等固体氟铝酸盐的形态进入铝电解烟气;不同企业的铝电解质中KF含量不同,但电解槽挥发物中KF含量却比较接近;采用收集装置将铝电解烟气中的固体挥发物收集走,使其不再混入载氟氧化铝进入电解槽中,可快速降低铝电解槽中KF的平衡浓度;固体挥发物通过浮选可分离其中的氧化铝和氟铝酸盐,氟铝酸盐可用于制备低温电解质。该方案在技术上具有可行性。     

不同晶须改性聚丙烯的性能研究

研究了碱式硫酸镁(M-HOS)和钛酸钾(K2Ti6O13)晶须填充改性PP热变形温度、流动性能和力学性能等。结果表明,这两种晶须均能有效地提高PP热变形温度,同时也能改善其力学性能。镁盐和钛酸钾晶须的最佳含量均为30%,此时PP热变形温度分别提高到151.8℃和146.5℃。     

硝酸钾真空冷却结晶工艺

介绍了真空冷却结晶技术应用于硝酸钾生产的工艺原理与过程。确定了硝酸钾溶液真空冷却结晶操作条件为,真空度2 339 Pa,结晶时间2.0 h,冷却终点温度30℃。真空冷却结晶比传统的夹套与蛇管冷却结晶具有显著优势,需要的冷却水量大幅度减小,冷却速度快,冷却均匀,干净卫生,是现代结晶技术发展方向之一。     

高锰酸钾复合药剂对水中邻氯酚去除效能的研究

本文以水中的邻氯苯酚为研究对象,在实验基础上,考察了高锰酸钾及高锰酸钾复合药剂对纯水中微量邻氯酚的去除效果,用可见分光光度计分析,对二者的除酚效果进行了对比。结果表明:高锰酸钾复合药剂对水中微量邻氯酚具有较好的去除能力。同时还考察了水样pH值,高锰酸钾及其复合药剂投加量,反应水温,反应时间等因素对邻氯酚去除效果的影响。     

Polytetrafluorethylene-based high-k composites with low dielectric loss filled with priderite (K1.46Ti7.2Fe0.8O16)

Composite materials with a high permittivity (high-k) and low dielectric loss represent an important research direction for the rapid development of modern electronic. This article is about high-k composite with low dielectric loss (dielectric constant is approximately 11, and dielectric loss is only 0.02 at 1 MHz and about 50 wt % of filler) based on a polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) compounded with priderite (K_1.46Ti_7.2Fe_0.8O₁₆). The dielectric permittivity about ε' ≈ 10³ and the dielectric loss of tgδ ≈ 2 have been found for filler content about 50 wt % (30 vol %) and, respectively, ε' ≈ 11 and tgδ ≈ 0.02 for 1 MHz. To produce filler, amorphous potassium polytitanate was synthesized by molten salt method, modified in aqueous solution of iron sulfate, crystallized at 700 °C and further treated in the aqueous dispersion of PTFE. The obtained product was pressured, dried and investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Dielectric properties of the composite with different ceramic filler content (1–90 wt %) were studied using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 10⁻² to 10⁶ Hz. The influence of frequency on electric conductivity, permittivity, and dielectric losses was analyzed taking into account the experimental data on porosity, apparent density obtained for the composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48762.