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以歧化松香为主要原料,在较低的温度(75~95℃)下,溶入KOH水溶液,并进行皂化反应,制备固体份质量分数45%的歧化松香钾皂。研究了反应温度、皂化时间、pH值、添加复合助剂TX-A对反应速度、去氢枞酸钾含量,以及黏度、结晶、胶凝等产品性能的影响。得出歧化松香钾皂化的较佳制备条件为:pH值为10.36,皂化时间分别为120 min(未加TX-A)、98 min(加TX-A),反应温度85℃,TX-A加入量为反应物质量的0.2%。制备出的歧化松香钾皂产品,在性能上完全符合行业标准ZBB 72003-84的要求,并且结晶、胶凝性质有所改善,加纳色号标准降低两个等级。 相似文献
64.
Regions consisting of grains of pronounced cubic develpment exist in pure KNbO3 ceramics which exhibit a temperature dependence of dielectric constant very similar to that of KNbO3 crystals. KNbO3 ceramics doped with GeO2 -K2 O additives have small grains, semiconducting resistance, and a different curve of dielectric constant versus temperature. As the average grain size decreases, the shape of the curve differs increasingly from that of KNbO3 crystals. 相似文献
65.
Conventional gasification processes use coal not only as feedstock to be gasified but also for supply of energy for reaction heat, steam production, and other purposes. With a nuclear high temperature reactor (HTR) as a source for process heat, it is possible to transform the whole of the coal feed into gas. This concept offers advantages over existing gasification processes: saving of coal, as more gas can be produced from coal; less emission of pollutants, as the HTR is used for the production of steam and electricity instead of a coal-fired boiler; and a lower production cost for the gas. However, the process has the disadvantage that the temperature is limited to the outlet temperature (950 °C max) of the helium cooling gas of the HTR. Therefore the possibility of catalytic steam gasification was examined. Model calculations based on experimental results show that use of 3–4 wt% relative to coal of K2CO3 catalyst increases the throughput of a large scale nuclear gasification plant by ≈65%, while gas production costs decrease by ≈15%. Corrosion by catalysts is not significant at low concentration (< 5 wt%) and low temperature (< 900 °C). 相似文献
66.
利用提纯后的次氯酸钠溶液、硝酸铁、氢氧化钾制备高铁酸钾。并采用高铁酸钾氧化去除水中盐酸四环素(TC),初步探讨了高铁酸钾去除TC的效果,研究了高铁酸钾投加量、pH值、氧化时间等对去除效率的影响。结果表明,高铁酸钾可以有效快速地去除水中的TC,在一定范围内,高铁酸钾投加越多,TC去除率越高,反应越快。pH值对反应影响较大,最优pH值范围为9~10。降解反应主要发生在前60S,在之后的10-20min内高铁酸钾与TC持续反应,TC得到进一步的降解。当高铁酸钾与TC摩尔比为1:1和1:5时,反应60S后的TC去除率约为100%。但反应液TOC下降幅度不大,说明大部分的TC仅转化为中间产物,未得到彻底矿化。 相似文献
67.
In order to improve the pyrotechnical reagent with potassium perchlorate,composite catalyst of active carbon supporting transition metal oxides (TMO),Fe2O3 and CuO,were prepared and added into pyrotechnical reagent with potassium perchlorate.Accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) was used to study the catalysis of pyrotechnical reagent which is consisted of potassium perchlorate and composite catalyst.Composite catalyst of both Fe2O3 and CuO supported by active carbon can catalyze pyrotechnical reagent with potassium perchlorate.Furthermore,it can lower the apparent activation energy and accelerate the reaction with a smaller quantity than that with Fe2O3 and CuO.The maximal reaction rate of pyrotechnical reagent with potassium perchlorate mixed with Fe2O3/active carbon and CuO/active carbon is 8.31 min-1 and 9.13 min-1,which is 1.74 times and 1.91 times of pyrotechnical reagent mixed with no catalyst;time to maximal rate was 18.99 min and 1.96 min respectively,which is lower than pyrotechnical reagent mixed with no catalyst by 86.46% and 98.67% ;the apparent activation energy is 368.10 kJ·mol-1 and 325.29 kJ·mol-1,which is lower than pyrotechnical reagent mixed with no catalyst by 31.89% and 39.81% respectively. 相似文献
68.
Potassium humate was extracted from brown coal.A novel super absorbent composite,poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/potassium humate (PAA-AM/KHA),was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid,acrylamide and coal based potassium humate using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator.The effects of reaction temperature,degree of neutralization of the poly (acrylic acid) and the amounts of crosslinker,initiator and potassium humate were investigated.Salt resistance tests were also carried out.The composite prepared under optimal conditions had a potassium humate content of 10% and exhibited a water absorption of 770 g/g in distilled water,and 349,286 and 41 g/g in 0.5 mol/L KC1,MgCl2 and AlCl3 solutions respectively.The results indicate that the salt resistance of PAA-AM/KHA was superior to that of poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) because of the collaborative effect of functional groups of the coal based potassium humate.The PAA-AM/KHA micro powder was characterized by IR spectroscopy and the micrographic surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Introduction of potassium humate into the poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) structure creates a composite more suitable for use as a water-managing material in the renewal of arid and desert environments.The salt resisting property of the composite is improved,production costs are reduced and the growth stimulant effect is still present. 相似文献
69.
为了比较重铬酸钾氧化比色法和气相色谱法测定乙醇体积分数的效果,采用这2种方法分别定量分析已知体积分数的标准液和未知体积分数的发酵液.分析和比较统计结果发现:定量分析发酵液乙醇体积分数时气相色谱法较准确,成本较高;重铬酸钾氧化比色法可以用于发酵液乙醇体积分数的批量分析,成本较低. 相似文献
70.
Increased potassium fertilization may be important in broccoli transplant growth. Recommended amounts of water soluble 20N-8.7P-16.6K were supplemented with varying concentrations of K as KCl applied at intervals during broccoli transplant development. Transplant growth and subsequent broccoli yields were studied in greenhouse and field tests.Fertilization with supplemental K significantly increased broccoli transplant fresh and dry weight, leaf area, stem diameter and plant height over the control. Effect of number of applications was generally dependent on K concentration and age of the broccoli seedling at the first fertilization. High K concentrations (> 2098 ppm) applied two weeks after planting were detrimental to broccoli transplant growth.In two field tests, supplemental K applied to transplants had no effect on broccoli yield. No significant differences were found between supplementing fertilizer with K and hardening transplants in a cold frame for two weeks. Incidence of hollow stem was increased in one test by application of 1000ppm K. Two applications per week caused significant increases in yield, head diameter and hollow stem when compared with one application per week. 相似文献